vmireavizВестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и ЗдоровьеBulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)2226-762X2782-1579РЕАВИЗ10.20340/vmi-rvz.2024.6.PHYS.2vmireaviz-1044Research ArticleФизиологияPhysiologyДинамика интервала RRNN кардиоинтервалограммы в зависимости от специализации тренировочного процесса, этапа годичного цикла подготовки и других факторов (обзор литературы)Dynamics of the RRNN interval of the cardiointervalogram depending on the specialization of the training process, stage of the annual preparation cycle and other factors (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-3521КатаевД. А.KataevD. A.

Катаев Денис Анатольевич, Мастер спорта России по лыжным гонкам, помощник старшего тренера; аспирант кафедры биологии и методики обучения биологии 

ул. Московская, д. 36, г. Киров, 610000;ул. Чернышевского, д. 25/26, г. Казань, 420111

Denis A. Kataev, Master of Sports of Russia in cross-country skiing, assistant to the senior coach; postgraduate student of the Department of Biology and Methods of Teaching Biology 

36, Moskovskaya St., Kirov, 610000;25/26, Chernyshevsky St., Kazan, 420111

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-3919ЦиркинВ. И.TsirkinV. I.

Циркин Виктор Иванович, Д-р мед. наук, профессор, старший научный сотрудник института нейронаук 

ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, г. Казань, 420012

Viktor I. Tsirkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Senior Researcher of the Institute of Neurosciences 

Butlerova St., 49, Kazan, 420012

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-5275КишкинаВ. В.KishkinaV. V.

Кишкина Влада Викторовна, Врач функциональной диагностики 

ул. Воровского, д. 16, г. Челябинск

Vlada V. Kishkina, Doctor of Functional Diagnostics 

Vorovsky St., 16, Chelyabinsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-7078ТрухинА. Н.TrukhinA. N.

Трухин Андрей Николаевич, Канд. биол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры биологии и методики обучения биологии 

ул. Московская, д. 36, г. Киров, 610000

Andrey N. Trukhin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Doсent, Associate Professor of the Department of Biology and Methods of Teaching Biology 

36, Moskovskaya St., Kirov, 610000

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-1993ТрухинаС. И.TrukhinaS. I.

Трухина Светлана Ивановна, Канд. биол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры биологии и методики обучения биологии 

ул. Московская, д. 36, г. Киров, 610000

Svetlana I. Trukhina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Doсent, Associate Professor of the Department of Biology and Methods of Teaching Biology 

36, Moskovskaya St., Kirov, 610000

trukhinasvetlana@yandex.ruВятский государственный университет; Федерация лыжных гонок Республики ТатарстанРоссияVyatka State University; Ski Federation of the Republic of TatarstanRussian FederationКазанский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKazan State Medical UniversityRussian FederationЧелябинская городская клиническая больница № 1РоссияChelyabinsk City Clinical Hospital No. 1Russian FederationВятский государственный университетРоссияVyatka State UniversityRussian Federation2024180120251463046Copyright © Катаев Д.А., Циркин В.И., Кишкина В.В., Трухин А.Н., Трухина С.И., 20252025Катаев Д.А., Циркин В.И., Кишкина В.В., Трухин А.Н., Трухина С.И.Kataev D.A., Tsirkin V.I., Kishkina V.V., Trukhin A.N., Trukhina S.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1044

С целью изучения механизмов адаптации к нагрузкам, требующим высокой выносливости, статья анализирует и систематизирует сведения литературы и результаты собственных исследований величин длительности интервала RRNN кардиоинтервалограммы/ частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) в положении лёжа у спортсменов, в частности, у лыжников-гонщиков. Установлено, что величина RRNN зависит от спортивной специализации (максимальна у спортсменов, тренирующихся на выносливость), от стажа занятий и уровня спортивного мастерства (у лыжников-гонщиков с повышением уровня мастерства величина RRNN увеличивается, а ЧСС – снижается), от периодов годичного цикла. Так, у спортсмена К.Д. она максимальна в подготовительном периоде (1497 мс/40 уд/мин), но ниже в соревновательном (1477 мс/40,6 уд/мин) и в переходном (1467 мс/40,8 уд/мин) периодах. Величина RRNN также зависит от этапа учебнотренировочных сборов (УТС). Так, у спортсмена К.Д. от начала УТС к его окончанию она постепенно возрастает от 1423 мс до 1572 мс, а ЧСС соответственно снижается от 42,1 до 38,1 уд/мин. Показано, что на протяжении годичного цикла у элитных лыжников тип вегетативной регуляции деятельности сердца, не меняется (все члены сборной Татарстана имели IV тип регуляции по классификации Н.И. Шлык, т.е. ваготонию). Это подтверждает представление о том, что тренировки на выносливость повышают влияние парасимпатического отдела автономной нервной системы на деятельность сердца. Результаты исследования элитного лыжника-гонщика К.Д. (соавтора статьи – Д.А. Катаева), фиксирующего объём и интенсивность тренировочной нагрузки во всех трёх периодах годичного цикла, а также результаты исследования сборной Татарстана (без фиксирования нагрузок) выявили, что в целом по всему сезону, в том числе в подготовительном периоде, медиана RRNN коррелирует с объёмом (Vкм; Vмин) тренировочных нагрузок (чем они выше, тем больше медиана RRNN). Однако для соревновательного периода характерна обратная зависимость медианы RRNN от объёма (Vмин) нагрузки, что расценивается как отражение формирования тревожного состояния в этот период, хотя у команды Татарстана (n = 8) формирование тревожного состояния в соревновательном периоде не выявлено (у них медиана RRNN в подготовительном периоде составила 1430 мс/42 уд/мин, а в соревновательном периоде – 1490 мс/40,2 уд/мин). Авторы заключают, что даже пальпаторный подсчёт ЧСС лыжника-гонщика в условиях клиностаза (покоя) может служить ориентиром при управлении тренировочным процессом, так как повышение ЧСС по мере УТС указывает на снижение физической работоспособности, а прогрессивное снижение ЧСС (до 38 уд/мин) – на её повышение, а также на формирование синтеза ненейронального ацетилхолина. Предполагается, что избыточной продукции ненейронального ацетилхолина, которая может привести к слабости синусного узла, препятствует существенное повышение активности симпатического отдела автономной нервной системы у элитных лыжников.

In order to study the mechanisms of adaptation to loads that require high endurance, the article analyzes and systematizes the literature and the results of our own studies of the duration of the RRNN interval of the cardiointervalogram/heart rate (HR) in the prone position among athletes, in particular, among cross-country skiers. It has been established that the value of RRNN depends on sports specialization (maximum for athletes training for endurance), on the length of training and the level of sportsmanship (for cross-country skiers, with an increase in the level of skill, the value of RRNN increases, and heart rate decreases), on the periods of the annual cycle. So, the athlete K.D. it is maximum in the preparatory period (1497 ms/40 beats/min), but lower in the competition (1477 ms/40.6 beats/min) and in the transition (1467 ms/ 40.8 beats/min) periods. The value of RRNN also depends on the stage of the training camp, or TCB. So, the athlete K.D. from the beginning of the TS to its end, it gradually increases - from 1423 ms to 1572 ms, and the heart rate decreases accordingly from 42.1 to 38.1 beats/min. It was shown that the type of vegetative regulation of heart activity in elite skiers does not change during the annual cycle (all members of the Tatarstan team had type IV regulation according to the classification of N.I. Shlyk, i.e. vagotonia). This confirms the notion that endurance training increases the influence of the parasympathetic system on the activity of the heart. The results of the study of the elite skier-racer K.D. (the first author of the article), fixing the volume and intensity of the training load in all three periods of the annual cycle, as well as the results of a study of the Tatarstan national team (without fixing the loads), revealed that, in general, throughout the season, including in the preparatory period, the median RRNN correlates with the volume (Vkm; Vmin) training loads (the higher they are, the greater the median RRNN). However, the competitive period is characterized by an inverse dependence of the median RRNN on the volume (Vmin) of the load, which is regarded as a reflection of the formation of an anxiety state in this period, although the formation of an anxiety state in the team of Tatarstan (n = 8) was not detected in the competitive period (they have a median of RRNN in the preparatory period was 1430 ms/42 beats/min), and in the competition period – 1490 ms/40.2 beats/min). The authors conclude that even a palpatory calculation of the heart rate of a cross-country skier in conditions of clinostasis (rest) can serve as a guideline in managing the training process, since an increase in heart rate with exercise therapy indicates a decrease in physical performance, and a progressive decrease in heart rate (up to 38 beats/min) – on its increase, as well as on the formation of the synthesis of non-neuronal acetylcholine (ACh). It is assumed that excessive production of non-neuronal ACh, which can lead to weakness of the sinus node, is prevented by a significant increase in ANS SO activity in elite skiers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.