<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2024.4.MORPH.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1064</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Морфология, патология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Morphology, pathology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нетипичные «перекрёстные» варианты воспалительных заболеваний кишечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Atypical «overlapping» variants of inflammatory bowel diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-1953</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахриева</surname><given-names>Х. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhrieva</surname><given-names>Kh. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахриева Хава Мусаевна, канд. мед. наук, заведующая кафедрой факультетской терапии медицинского факультета</p><p>пр-кт И.Б. Зязикова, д. 7, г. Магас, Республика Ингушетия, 386001</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khava M. Akhrieva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine</p><p>7 I.B. Zyazikova Ave., Magas, Republic of Ingushetia, 386001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akhrievakhava@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-6100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тертычный</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tertychnyy</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тертычный Александр Семенович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией электронной микроскопии и иммуногистохимии Института клинической морфологии и цифровой патологии</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8/2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Tertychnyy, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Immunohistochemistry of the Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology</p><p>8 Trubetskaya str., building 2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atertychnyy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-0117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пачуашвили</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pachuashvili</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пачуашвили Нано Владимеровна, ординатор Института клинической морфологии и цифровой патологии, Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8/2, г. Москва, 119991,</p><p>ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11, г. Москва, 117292</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nano V. Pachuashvili, Resident of the Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</p><p>8 Trubetskaya str., building 2, Moscow, 119991, </p><p>11 Dmitry Ulyanov str., Moscow, 117292</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">npachuashvili@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-9776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маренич</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marenich</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маренич Наталья Сергеевна, канд. мед. наук, врач-эндоскопист отделения эндоскопии</p><p>4-й Добрынинский пер., д. 1/9, г. Москва, 119049</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal'ya S. Marenich, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Endoscopist of the Department of Endoscopy</p><p>4th Dobryninsky Lane, 1/9, Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nataliamarenich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ингушский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ingush State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>i.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); &#13;
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>i.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University);&#13;
National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Morozovskaya Children's City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ахриева Х.М., Тертычный А.С., Пачуашвили Н.В., Маренич Н.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахриева Х.М., Тертычный А.С., Пачуашвили Н.В., Маренич Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhrieva K.M., Tertychnyy A.S., Pachuashvili N.V., Marenich N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1064">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1064</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести анализ трудностей, связанных с морфологической интерпретацией гистологических препаратов, в которых одновременно обнаруживаются характерные гистологические признаки как язвенного колита (ЯК) с признаками болезни Крона (БК), так и болезни Крона с признаками, напоминающими язвенный колит, так называемые «перекрёстные» формы.</p></sec><sec><title>Объект и методы</title><p>Объект и методы. За период с 2019 по 2024 годы язвенный колит был диагностирован у 180 пациентов, болезнь Крона – у 120 человек. Средний возраст пациентов составил 48 ± 6 лет. Диагнозы были установлены с учётом комплекса клинико-лабораторных, эндоскопических и морфологических данных. Нами был проведён поиск случаев, которые вызывали диагностические сложности и характеристики которых были неоднозначны и содержали как признаки язвенного колита, так и болезни Крона. Обнаружено 60 случаев за более чем 5-летний период наблюдения. Язвенный колит с признаками болезни Крона был установлен в 58 (32,2%) случаях, а болезнь Крона с признаками язвенного колита – в 2 (1,6%) случаях.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 24 случаях нами было отмечено «мозаичное» или сегментарное поражение толстой кишки у пациентов с язвенным колитом. У 13 пациентов с левосторонним колитом было обнаружено очаговое поражение в виде хронического активного воспаления в периаппендикулярной и слепокишечной областях, у 2 человек с язвенным колитом обнаружены гранулемы, получившие название «криптолитическая», связанные с разрушением крипт, которые могут быть с трудом отличимы от гранулем при болезни Крона. У пациентов с язвенным колитом илеит был обнаружен нами в 18 случаях, при этом в подавляющем большинстве наблюдений воспалительный процесс был ограничен дистальными 1–2 см подвздошной кишки. У 5 пациентов был обнаружен илеит без вовлечения слепой кишки, и воспалительный процесс не был связан с ретроградным механизмом. У 2 пациентов с болезнью Крона воспалительный процесс изолированно затрагивал дистальные отделы толстой кишки, и диагноз был установлен по наличию типичных для болезни Крона изменений в верхних отделах желудочно-кишечного тракта и по развитию тяжёлых анальноперианальных осложнений и сакроилеита.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Характерные для болезни Крона черты, такие как относительная или абсолютная интактность прямой кишки, наличие непоражённых сегментов, вовлечение в патологический процесс подвздошной кишки, могут встречаться и при язвенном колите, особенно у пациентов, которым ранее проводилось лечение. Роль патолога сводится к определению распространённости и степени тяжести заболевания, к идентификации дисплазии или злокачественной трансформации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze the challenges associated with the morphological interpretation of histological specimens that simultaneously exhibit characteristic histological features of both ulcerative colitis (UC) with features of Crohn's disease (CD), and CD with features resembling UC (so-called " overlapping " forms).</p></sec><sec><title>Object and methods</title><p>Object and methods. Between 2019 and 2024, UC was diagnosed in 180 patients and CD in 120 patients. The average age of the patients was 48 ± 6 years. Diagnoses were established based on a combination of clinical-laboratory, endoscopic, and morphological data. A search was conducted for cases that posed diagnostic difficulties and whose characteristics were ambiguous and contained features of both UC and CD, resulting in 60 cases identified over a more than 5-year observation period. UC with features of CD was established in 58 cases (32.2%), and CD with features of UC in 2 cases (1.6%).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 24 patients with UC had focal and segmental inflammation in colon. Among 13 patients with left-sided colitis, focal lesions in the form of chronic active inflammation were found in the periappendicular and cecal regions, and in 2 patients with UC, granulomas termed "cryptolytic" were found, associated with the destruction of crypts, which can be difficult to distinguish from granulomas in CD. In patients with UC, ileitis was detected in 18 patients, with the inflammatory process predominantly confined to the distal 1-2 cm of the ileum in most cases. Five patients exhibited ileitis without involvement of the cecum, and the inflammatory process was not related to a retrograde mechanism. In 2 patients with CD, the inflammatory process was isolated to the distal sections of the colon, and the diagnosis was established based on the presence of typical CD changes in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the development of severe anal-perianal complications and sacroiliitis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Features typical for CD, such as relative or absolute integrity of the rectum, the presence of unaffected segments, and involvement of the ileum in the pathological process, can also be found in UC, especially in patients who have undergone treatment. The role of the pathologist is to determine the extent and severity of the disease, and to identify dysplasia or malignant transformation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd><kwd>неклассифицируемый колит</kwd><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>ВЗК</kwd><kwd>морфологическая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>Crohn's disease</kwd><kwd>unclassifiable colitis</kwd><kwd>inflammatory bowel diseases</kwd><kwd>IBD</kwd><kwd>morphological diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magro F., Langner C., Driessen A., Ensari A., Geboes K., Mantzaris G.J. European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Crohn's &amp; colitis. 2013;7(10):827-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2013.06.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magro F., Langner C., Driessen A., Ensari A., Geboes K., Mantzaris G.J. European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Crohn's &amp; colitis. 2013;7(10):827-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2013.06.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pai R.K., Jairath V., Vande Casteele N., Rieder F., Parker C.E., Lauwers G.Y. The emerging role of histologic disease activity assessment in ulcerative colitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2018;88(6):887-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2018.08.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pai R.K., Jairath V., Vande Casteele N., Rieder F., Parker C.E., Lauwers G.Y. The emerging role of histologic disease activity assessment in ulcerative colitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2018;88(6):887-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2018.08.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feakins R.M. British Society of Gastroenterology. Inflammatory bowel disease biopsies: updated British Society of Gastroenterology reporting guidelines. Journal of clinical pathology. 2013;66(12):1005-1026. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201885</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feakins R.M. British Society of Gastroenterology. Inflammatory bowel disease biopsies: updated British Society of Gastroenterology reporting guidelines. Journal of clinical pathology. 2013;66(12):1005-1026. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201885</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolinger M., Torres J., Vermeire S. Crohn's disease. Lancet. 2024;403(10432):1177-1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02586-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolinger M., Torres J., Vermeire S. Crohn's disease. Lancet. 2024;403(10432):1177-1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02586-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kellermann L., Riis L. A close view on histopathological changes in inflammatory bowel disease, a narrative review. Digestive Medicine Research. 2021;4. https://doi.org/10.21037/dmr-21-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kellermann L., Riis L. A close view on histopathological changes in inflammatory bowel disease, a narrative review. Digestive Medicine Research. 2021;4. https://doi.org/10.21037/dmr-21-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тертычный А.С., Ахриева Х.М., Коган Е.А., Зайратьянц О.В., Селиванова Л.С. Современные подходы в морфологической диагностике воспалительных заболеваний кишечника. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2022;32(2):73–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tertychnyy A.S., Akhriyeva Kh.M., Kogan E.A., Zayratyants O.V., Selivanova L.S. Modern Approaches in the Morphological Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2022;32(2):73-84. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langner C., Magro F., Driessen A., Ensari A., Mantzaris G.J., Villanacci V., et al. The histopathological approach to inflammatory bowel disease: a practice guide. Virchows Arch. 2014;464(5):511-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-014-1543-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langner C., Magro F., Driessen A., Ensari A., Mantzaris G.J., Villanacci V., et al. The histopathological approach to inflammatory bowel disease: a practice guide. Virchows Arch. 2014;464(5):511-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-014-1543-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vespa E., D'Amico F., Sollai M., Allocca M., Furfaro F., Zilli A., et al. Histological Scores in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The State of the Art. Journal of clinical medicine. 2022;11(4):939. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11040939</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vespa E., D'Amico F., Sollai M., Allocca M., Furfaro F., Zilli A., et al. Histological Scores in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The State of the Art. Journal of clinical medicine. 2022;11(4):939. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11040939</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murray A., Nguyen T.M., Parker C.E., Feagan B.G., MacDonald J.K. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2020;8(8):CD000543. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000543.pub5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murray A., Nguyen T.M., Parker C.E., Feagan B.G., MacDonald J.K. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2020;8(8):CD000543. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000543.pub5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spiliadis C.A., Spiliadis C.A., Lennard-Jones J.E. Ulcerative colitis with relative sparing of the rectum. clinical features, histology, and prognosis. Diseases of the colon and rectum. 1987;30:334–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02555449</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spiliadis C.A., Spiliadis C.A., Lennard-Jones J.E. Ulcerative colitis with relative sparing of the rectum. clinical features, histology, and prognosis. Diseases of the colon and rectum. 1987;30:334–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02555449</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mutinga M.L., Odze R.D., Wang H.H., Hornick J.L., Farraye F.A. The clinical significance of right-sided colonic inflammation in patients with left-sided chronic ulcerative colitis. Inflammatory bowel diseases. 2004;10:215–219. https://doi.org/10.1097/00054725-200405000-00006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mutinga M.L., Odze R.D., Wang H.H., Hornick J.L., Farraye F.A. The clinical significance of right-sided colonic inflammation in patients with left-sided chronic ulcerative colitis. Inflammatory bowel diseases. 2004;10:215–219. https://doi.org/10.1097/00054725-200405000-00006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groisman G.M., George J., Harpaz N. Ulcerative appendicitis in universal and nonuniversal ulcerative colitis. Modern pathology. 1994;7:322–325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groisman G.M., George J., Harpaz N. Ulcerative appendicitis in universal and nonuniversal ulcerative colitis. Modern pathology. 1994;7:322–325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davison A.M., Dixon M.F. The appendix as a ‘skip lesion’ in ulcerative colitis. Histopathology. 1990;16: 93–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01069.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davison A.M., Dixon M.F. The appendix as a ‘skip lesion’ in ulcerative colitis. Histopathology. 1990;16: 93–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01069.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Капуллер Л.Л., Конович Е.А. Неспецифическое гранулематозное воспаление при болезни Крона. Архив патологии. 2012;74(5):57 60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapuller L.L., Konovich E.A. Nonspecific granulomatous inflammation in Crohn’s disease. Archive of Pathology = Arkhiv patologii. 2012;74:57–60. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахриева Х.М., Коган Е.А., Тертычный А.С., Раденска-Лоповок С.Г., Зайратьянц О.В., Селиванова Л.С. Новый взгляд на структурную перестройку слизистой оболочки толстой кишки и стадии хронического колита при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника. Архив патологии. 2021;83(6):14-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhrieva Kh.M., Kogan E.A., Tertychnyi A.S., Radenska-Lopovok S.G., Zayratyants O.V., Selivanova L.S. A new look at colonic mucosal structural rearrangement and the stages of chronic colitis. Archive of Pathology = Arkhiv patologii. 2021;83(6):14–19. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamamoto T., Maruyama Y., Umegae S., Matsumoto K., Saniabadi A.R. Mucosal inflammation in the terminal ileum of ulcerative colitis patients: endoscopic findings and cytokine profiles. Digestive and liver disease. 2008;40:253–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2007.11.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamamoto T., Maruyama Y., Umegae S., Matsumoto K., Saniabadi A.R. Mucosal inflammation in the terminal ileum of ulcerative colitis patients: endoscopic findings and cytokine profiles. Digestive and liver disease. 2008;40:253–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2007.11.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubio C.A., Vieth M., Lang-Schwarz C. Novel histological repertoire of crypt-associated anomalies in inflamed colon mucosa. Journal of clinical pathology. 2023;76(8):531–535. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2022-208152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubio C.A., Vieth M., Lang-Schwarz C. Novel histological repertoire of crypt-associated anomalies in inflamed colon mucosa. Journal of clinical pathology. 2023;76(8):531–535. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2022-208152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magro F., Doherty G., Peyrin-Biroulet L., Svrcek M., Borralho P., Walsh A. et al. ECCO Position Paper: Harmonization of the Approach to Ulcerative Colitis Histopathology. Journal of Crohn's &amp; colitis. 2020;14(11):1503-1511. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magro F., Doherty G., Peyrin-Biroulet L., Svrcek M., Borralho P., Walsh A. et al. ECCO Position Paper: Harmonization of the Approach to Ulcerative Colitis Histopathology. Journal of Crohn's &amp; colitis. 2020;14(11):1503-1511. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soucy G., Wang H.H., Farraye F.A., Schmidt J.F., Farris A.B., Lauwers G.Y., et al. Clinical and pathological analysis of colonic Crohn’s disease, including a subgroup with ulcerative colitis-like features. Modern pathology. 2012;25:295–307. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2011.120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soucy G., Wang H.H., Farraye F.A., Schmidt J.F., Farris A.B., Lauwers G.Y., et al. Clinical and pathological analysis of colonic Crohn’s disease, including a subgroup with ulcerative colitis-like features. Modern pathology. 2012;25:295–307. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2011.120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morpurgo E., Petras R., Kimberling J., Ziegler C., Galandiuk S. Characterization and clinical behavior of Crohn’s disease initially presenting predominantly as colitis. Diseases of the colon and rectum. 2003;46:918–924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-004-6685-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morpurgo E., Petras R., Kimberling J., Ziegler C., Galandiuk S. Characterization and clinical behavior of Crohn’s disease initially presenting predominantly as colitis. Diseases of the colon and rectum. 2003;46:918–924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-004-6685-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverberg M.S., Satsangi J., Ahmad T., Arnott I.D., Bernstein C.N., Brant S.R., et al. Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a working party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. Canadian journal of gastroenterology. 2005;19:5A–36A. https://doi.org/10.1155/2005/269076</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverberg M.S., Satsangi J., Ahmad T., Arnott I.D., Bernstein C.N., Brant S.R., et al. Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a working party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. Canadian journal of gastroenterology. 2005;19:5A–36A. https://doi.org/10.1155/2005/269076</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Venkateswaran N., Weismiller S., Clarke K. Indeterminate Colitis - Update on Treatment Options. Journal of inflammation research. 2021;30;14:6383-6395. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S268262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Venkateswaran N., Weismiller S., Clarke K. Indeterminate Colitis - Update on Treatment Options. Journal of inflammation research. 2021;30;14:6383-6395. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S268262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang-Schwarz C., Angeloni M., Agaimy A., Atreya R., Becker C., Dregelies T., et al. Validation of the ‘Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Distribution, Chronicity, Activity [IBD-DCA] Score’ for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease. Journal of Crohn's &amp; colitis. 2021;15:1621–1630. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang-Schwarz C., Angeloni M., Agaimy A., Atreya R., Becker C., Dregelies T., et al. Validation of the ‘Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Distribution, Chronicity, Activity [IBD-DCA] Score’ for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease. Journal of Crohn's &amp; colitis. 2021;15:1621–1630. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тертычный А.С., Ахриева Х.М., Маев И.В., Зайратьянц О.В., Селиванова Л.С. Проблемы диагностики гистологической ремиссии у больных с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника. Архив патологии. 2017;79(3):3-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tertychny A.S., Akhrieva Kh.M., Maev I.V., Zairat’yants O.V., Selivanova L.S. Diagnostic problems of histological remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2017;79(3):3-9. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
