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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2020.5.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Морфология, патология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Morphology, pathology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПЕРЕДНЕЕ ИНЦИЗУРАЛЬНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО (ПИП): ТОПОГРАФИЯ И РАЗМЕРЫ В ПОЛОСТИ ЧЕРЕПА. ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ВЕРХУШКИ БАЗИЛЯРНОЙ АРТЕРИИ В ПИП</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ANTERIOR INCISURAL SPACE (AIS): ITS TOPOGRAPHY AND SIZE IN THE CRANIAL CAVITY. POSITION OF THE BASILAR ARTERY APEX IN AIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Люнькова</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyunkova</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">regina.lunkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопанчук</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopanchuk</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишуринская</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishurinskaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бендосенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bendosenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ 68 им. В.П. Демихова ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>1State Budgetary Healthcare Institution ‘V.P. Demikhov City Clinical Hospital No. 68,’ Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МАСЦ ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Multiprofile Accreditation and Simulation Center, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education ‘&#13;
N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,’Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «ГКБ 68 им. В.П. Демихова ДЗМ»;&#13;
МАСЦ ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Healthcare Institution ‘V.P. Demikhov City Clinical Hospital No. 68,’ Moscow Healthcare Department;&#13;
Multiprofile Accreditation and Simulation Center, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education ‘&#13;
N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,’Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МАСЦ ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Multiprofile Accreditation and Simulation Center, Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education ‘ N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,’Ministry of  Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education‘N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,’Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клинический медицинский центр МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Medical Center, State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education ‘A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,’Ministry of Health of the Russian  Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Люнькова Р.Н., Лопанчук П.А., Гущин А.В., Мишуринская Е.А., Бендосенко В.А., Крылов В.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Люнькова Р.Н., Лопанчук П.А., Гущин А.В., Мишуринская Е.А., Бендосенко В.А., Крылов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyunkova R.N., Lopanchuk P.A., Gushchin A.V., Mishurinskaya E.A., Bendosenko V.A., Krylov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/111">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/111</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить микрохирургическую анатомию переднего инцизурального пространства (ПИП), определить топографию и размеры ПИП в полости  черепа, а также определить топографию верхушки базилярной артерии в ПИП и  установить возможные краниометрические корреляции. </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Анатомическое исследование провели на 100 нефиксированных головах умерших от соматической патологии людей без патологии центральной нервной  системы. Все головы были вскрыты по стандартной методике, моделировали  топографию вырезки намета мозжечка (ВНМ) в полости черепа путем отсечения  полушарий большого мозга на уровне ствола головного мозга (ГМ) параллельно  свободному краю намета мозжечка. Измеряли широтно-продольные показатели ПИП,  определяли топографию ПИП в полости черепа, провели морфометрию ВНМ, измеряли  краниальные индексы и угловые параметры рельефа основания черепа. Морфометрический анализ полученных данных проведен с расчетом коэффициентов и  индексов. Обработка данных проведена с использованием STATISTICA Statsoft. Микрохирургическую анатомию переднего инцизурального пространства ВНМ изучали с  помощью операционного микроскопа МБС-10 и цифровой видеокамеры «Sony» HDR- CX560 Е. Фотографии делали с 2–8 кратным увеличением. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Длина ПИП (N = 100) была 14 до 24 мм, ширина от 24,0 до 36,0 мм. Длина ПИП была 17–19 мм в 42 % всех препаратов ВНМ. Во всех сериях измерений длина ПИП была минимальной – 14 мм (6 %); 15–16 мм (19 %), средней – 17–19 мм (42 %), большой – 20–22 мм (24 %) и максимальной – 23–24 мм – 9 %. ПИП относительно типов ВМН разделили: А, В, С, D.  Минимальный и небольшой размер объединили в «ПИП короткой длины» [14–16] мм, большой и максимальный размеры ПИП в «длинный размер ПИП» [20–24] мм. Процент встречаемости коротких ПИП, длинных и ПИП средних размеров составил – 25 %, 33 % и 42 %, соответственно. В группе А длинный размер ПИП составил – 53,68 %, в В – 3,7 %, в С встретился только большой размер ПИП – 33,3 %, в группе D максимального размера 24 мм было больше – 18,2 %, но общая сумма с большим  размером была меньшей – 27,3 % по сравнению с группой А, в 2 раза. Группа А (суб-и  брахицефалия) имела наибольший процент протяженного ПИП с длинной – от 20–24 мм  в ~ 54 % случаев. Положение БА в ПИП зависит от длины ПИП и наклона ската.  </p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Размеры и топография ПИП в полости черепа значительно варьируют, что необходимо учесть при выполнении нейрохирургических доступов. Концепция предела  или лимита границ ПИП, их структурная гибкость в рамках проведения хирургического  доступа является главной для обоснования выбора доступа или его направления.  Размеры ПИП, его анатомический состав и топография границ, траектории доступов через ПИП, возможность манипуляций с содержимым и границами ПИП, степени свободы или лимиты в допустимых хирургических коридорах и т.д. являются основой  для планирования и выполнения вида доступа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to explore microsurgical anatomy of the anterior incisural space (AIS), its topography and size in the skull, and to assess the topography of the basilar artery apex in AIS and find possible craniometric correlations. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In this anatomical study, we used 100 non-fixed heads of people who died from somatic pathology without diseases of the central nervous system. All heads were dissected using standard methods. Then we modelled the topography of the tentorial incisure (TI) in the skull  by cutting off the hemispheres at the level of the brain stem in parallel to the free margin of TI. We measured  length and width of TI, analyzed its topography in the cranial cavity, performed TI morphometry, and  measured cranial indices and angular parameters of the skull base relief. Morphometric analysis of our data  was conducted by calculating coefficients and indices. Data analysis was performed using the STATISTICA  Statsoft. Microsurgical anatomy of the AIS and TI was studied using the operating microscope MBS-10 and digital video camera Sony HDR-CX560 E. The photos were taken with a 2–8-fold magnification. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Results. AIS length varied between 14 and 24 mm, whereas its width was between 24.0 and 36.0 mm. Almost half of all TI samples (42%) had AIS with a length of 17–19 mm. In all series of measurements, the length of the AIS was minimal – 14 mm (6%); 15–16 mm (19%), medium – 17–19 mm (42%), large – 20–22 mm (24%) and maximum – 23–24 mm – 9%. AIS were divided by TI types into four groups: A, B, C,  and D. Minimum and small AIS were grouped into into ‘short-size AIS’ [14–16] mm, while large and maximum AIS were grouped into ‘long-size AIS’ [20–24] mm. The proportions of short AIS, long AIS, and medium AIS were 25%, 33%, and 42%, respectively. In group A, long-size AIS were found in 53.68% of samples; in garup B, long-size AIS were found in 3.7% of samples, in group C, there were only large AIS–33.3%; in group D, the maximum size of 24 mm was more frequent – 18.2 %, but the total number of samples with large AIS  was two times lower–27.3% than in group A. Group A (sub- and brachycephaly) had the highest percentage of long AIS with a length of 20–24 mm (~54% of cases). The position of the BA in the AIS depends on the AIS length and clivus tilt. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The size and topography of the AIS in the cranial cavity vary significantly; this must be taken into account when planning neurosurgical approaches. The concept of limited AIS boundaries, their structural flexibility in terms of surgical approach is the basis for choosing an optimal approach or its direction. The size  of the AIS, its anatomical structure, and topography of the borders, access paths through AIS, possibility of  manipulations with the content and boundaries of the AIS, the degrees of freedom or limits in acceptable surgical corridors, etc. should be taken into account when planning surgical intervention and choosing an  optimal approach. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>переднее инцизуральное пространство</kwd><kwd>межножковая цистерна</kwd><kwd>базилярная артерия</kwd><kwd>углы наклона ската: базилярный и петрокливальный</kwd><kwd>спинка турецкого седла</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anterior incisural space</kwd><kwd>interpeduncular cistern</kwd><kwd>basilar artery</kwd><kwd>basilar and petroclival angles</kwd><kwd>dorsum sellae</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirurgiya anevrizm golovnogo mozga. 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