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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2024.6.TX.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1175</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Донорство и трансплантация органов и тканей</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Organ and tissue donation and transplantation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование ишемически-реперфузионного повреждения печени и почек в эксперименте: отработка методики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling of ischemicreperfusion injury of the liver and kidneys in the experiment: working out the methodology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-8675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яремин</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaremin</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яремин Борис Иванович, Канд. мед. наук, врач-хирург, научный сотрудник центра трансплантации печени; доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов; заведующий кафедрой хирургических болезней </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090;ул. Краснобогатырская, д. 2, стр. 2, г. Москва, 107564</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Yaremin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Surgeon, Researcher at the Liver Transplantation Center; Associate Professor of the Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Head of the Department of Surgical Diseases </p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090;2, Krasnobogatyrskaya st., building 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b.i.yaremin@reaviz.online</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-1298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аносова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anosova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аносова Екатерина Юрьевна, Врач-клинический ординатор центра трансплантации печени </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Yu. Anosova, Clinical resident of the liver transplantation Center </p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-4818</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казымов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazymov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казымов Бахтияр Исметович, Врач-хирург, научный сотрудник центра трансплантации печени; ассистент кафедры хирургических болезней </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090;ул. Краснобогатырская, д. 2, стр. 2, г. Москва, 107564</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bakhtiyar I. Kazymov, Surgeon, researcher at the Liver Transplantation Center; Assistant of the Department of Surgical Diseases </p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090;2, Krasnobogatyrskaya st., building 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-7038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алекберов</surname><given-names>К. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekberov</surname><given-names>K. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алекберов Кямран Файгович, Врач-хирург, научный сотрудник центра трансплантации печени </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kyamran F. Alekberov, Surgeon, researcher at the Liver Transplantation Center, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency MedicineKyamran F. Alekberov Surgeon, researcher at the Liver Transplantation Center </p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-7914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новрузбеков</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novruzbekov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новрузбеков Мурад Сафтарович, Д-р мед. наук, профессор, научный руководитель центра трансплантации печени; заведующий кафедрой трансплантологии и искусственных органов; профессор кафедры хирургических болезней </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090;ул. Краснобогатырская, д. 2, стр. 2, г. Москва, 107564</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murad S. Novruzbekov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Scientific Director of the Liver Transplantation Center; Head of the Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases </p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090;2, Krasnobogatyrskaya st., building 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6068-1280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуйкова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuykova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Алексеевна Зуйкова, Студентка 6-го курса лечебного факультета </p><p>ул. Островитянова, д. 1, г. Москва, 117513</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoriya A. Zuykova, 6th year student of the medical faculty </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3439-7160</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гюльмагомедова</surname><given-names>Ф. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gyul'magomedova</surname><given-names>F. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фатимат Руслановна Гюльмагомедов, Студентка 6-го курса лечебного факультета Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского </p><p>ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 119048</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fatimat Ruslanovna Gyulmagomedov, 6th year student of the medical faculty of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine </p><p>8 Trubetskaya St., Bldg. 2, Moscow, 11904</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского;&#13;
Московский медицинского университета «Реавиз»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine;&#13;
Moscow Medical University "Reaviz"<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>170</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яремин Б.И., Аносова Е.Ю., Казымов Б.И., Алекберов К.Ф., Новрузбеков М.С., Зуйкова В.А., Гюльмагомедова Ф.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яремин Б.И., Аносова Е.Ю., Казымов Б.И., Алекберов К.Ф., Новрузбеков М.С., Зуйкова В.А., Гюльмагомедова Ф.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yaremin B.I., Anosova E.Y., Kazymov B.I., Alekberov K.F., Novruzbekov M.S., Zuykova V.A., Gyul'magomedova F.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1175">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1175</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Ощутимый дефицит качественных донорских органов по-прежнему остаётся одним из наиболее острых вызовов, особенно если речь идёт о донорах с расширенными критериями или об асистолических донорах. Решение этой проблемы возникает на стыке хирургического мастерства, продвинутых биомедицинских технологий и глубокого понимания механизмов ишемически-реперфузионного повреждения (ИРП). Цель. Данное исследование выполнено с целью обоснования и отработки методики экстракорпоральной ex-vivo перфузии трансплантата печени на животной модели при помощи аппарата перфузионного для экстракорпоральной оксигенации “Ex-Stream” по ТУ 32.50.21-002-75538036-2020 (держатель РУ ООО «Трансбиотек», Санкт-Петербург, Россия, производитель ООО «Биософт-М», Москва, Россия). Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на мужских особях свиней массой 15–30 кг (n = 5). В основу исследования включён анализ результатов гипотермической оксигенированной перфузии трансплантата печени в условиях вивария с использованием аппарата искусственного кровообращения. Исследование проводилось по следующему протоколу: у животного проводились изъятие донорской печени с формированием временного вено-венозного обхода, фармако-холодовая консервация органа при помощи аппарата «Ex-Stream» и её последующая реплантация. Результаты. В серии из 5 наблюдений были получены следующие результаты. Маркеры повреждения тканей (АСТ, АЛТ, ЛДГ, ГГТП) показали постепенное увеличение их уровня в перфузате с течением времени ишемии. Средние значения АСТ и АЛТ возросли в 2–3 раза, ЛДГ – в 1,5–2 раза, а ГГТП – в 1,2–1,5 раза по сравнению с исходными значениями. Уровень малонового диальдегида, отражающий окислительный стресс, повысился в среднем на 30–40% к концу эксперимента, в то время как уровень глутатиона снизился на 20–25 %. Концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) в перфузате увеличились в 2–4 раза по сравнению с базовыми значениями, указывая на развитие воспалительного ответа. Микроскопическое исследование в окраске гематоксилин-эозин выявило признаки ишемического повреждения гепатоцитов, такие как вакуолизация цитоплазмы, пикноз ядер и нарушение балочной структуры. Степень повреждения нарастала с увеличением времени ишемии. Окраска по Масону показала умеренное увеличение соединительной ткани в портальных трактах и перицентральных зонах, свидетельствующее о начальных фибротических изменениях. Ультрамикроскопическое исследование (просвечивающая электронная микроскопия) выявило набухание митохондрий, нарушение целостности их крист, расширение эндоплазматического ретикулума и образование аутофагосом в гепатоцитах. Потребление кислорода тканью печени постепенно снижалось в ходе эксперимента, достигая 60–70 % от исходного уровня к концу наблюдения. Продукция углекислого газа также уменьшалась, но в меньшей степени, составляя 75–85 % от базовых значений. Анализ перфузата с помощью потенциостата-гальваностата ИПС показал постепенное снижение окислительно-восстановительного потенциала, указывающее на нарастание гипоксии и истощение антиоксидантных резервов. Активность супероксиддисмутазы и каталазы, ключевых антиоксидантных ферментов, снизилась на 30–40 % и 20–30 % соответственно по сравнению с исходными значениями, свидетельствуя об ослаблении антиоксидантной защиты. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что разработанная модель с использованием аппарата Ex-Stream является воспроизводимой и позволяет эффективно изучать состояние ишемически-реперфузионного повреждения. Это открывает возможности для проведения более масштабной и всесторонней серии экспериментов, результаты которой станут предметом наших дальнейших исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. A significant shortage of high-quality donor organs remains one of the most pressing challenges, especially when it comes to extended criteria donors or asystolic donors. The solution to this problem arises at the intersection of surgical skill, advanced biomedical technologies and a deep understanding of the mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Objective. This study was carried out to substantiate and refine the technique of extracorporeal ex-vivo perfusion of a liver graft on an animal model using the Ex-Stream perfusion apparatus for extracorporeal oxygenation according to TU 32.50.21-002-75538036-2020 (RU holder Transbiotek LLC, St. Petersburg, Russia, manufacturer Biosoft-M LLC, Moscow, Russia). Materials and methods. The study was conducted on male pigs weighing 15–30 kg (n = 5). The study is based on the analysis of the results of hypothermic oxygenated perfusion of the liver transplant in a vivarium using a cardiopulmonary bypass apparatus. The study was conducted according to the following protocol: the donor liver was removed from the animal with the formation of a temporary venovenous bypass, pharmaco-cold preservation of the organ using the Ex-Stream apparatus and its subsequent replantation. Results. The following results were obtained in a series of 5 observations. Tissue damage markers (AST, ALT, LDH, GGTP) showed a gradual increase in their level in the perfusate over the course of ischemia. The average values of AST and ALT increased by 2-3 times, LDH - by 1.5-2 times, and GGTP - by 1.2-1.5 times compared to the initial values. The level of malondialdehyde, reflecting oxidative stress, increased by an average of 30–40% by the end of the experiment, while the level of glutathione decreased by 20–25%. Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in the perfusate increased 2–4 times compared to baseline values, indicating the development of an inflammatory response. Microscopic examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed signs of ischemic damage to hepatocytes, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, nuclear pyknosis, and disruption of the beam structure. The degree of damage increased with increasing ischemia time. Mason staining showed a moderate increase in connective tissue in the portal tracts and pericentral zones, indicating initial fibrotic changes. Ultramicroscopic examination (transmission electron microscopy) revealed swelling of mitochondria, disruption of the integrity of their cristae, expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum and formation of autophagosomes in hepatocytes. Oxygen consumption by liver tissue gradually decreased during the experiment, reaching 60-70% of the initial level by the end of the observation. Carbon dioxide production also decreased, but to a lesser extent, amounting to 75-85% of the baseline values. Analysis of the perfusate using a potentiostat-galvanostat IPS showed a gradual decrease in the oxidation-reduction potential, indicating an increase in hypoxia and depletion of antioxidant reserves. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, key antioxidant enzymes, decreased by 30-40% and 20- 30%, respectively, compared with the initial values, indicating a weakening of the antioxidant defense. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that the developed model using the Ex-Stream device is reproducible and allows for effective study of the state of ischemia-reperfusion injury. This opens up opportunities for conducting a larger and more comprehensive series of experiments, the results of which will be the subject of our further research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Трансплантация печени / Liver Transplantation MeSH: D016092 / D016092</kwd><kwd>Ишемически-реперфузионное повреждение / Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury MeSH: Д054058 / D015427</kwd><kwd>Гипотермия / Hypothermia – Д006955 / D007035</kwd><kwd>Перфузия / Perfusion – Д010490 / D010490</kwd><kwd>Трансплантация органов / Organ Transplantation – Д016177 / D016177</kwd><kwd>Периферическое сосудистое сопротивление / Peripheral Vascular Resistance MeSH: Д020293 / D020293</kwd><kwd>Свиная модель / Porcine Model MeSH: Д053124 / D053124</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено в рамках гранта на реализацию научно-практического проекта в сфере медицины «Применение различных протоколов перфузионной консервации при трансплантации почек и печени» № 2312-15/22 от «25» марта 2022 года с некоммерческой организацией «Московский центр инновационных технологий в здравоохранении»</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was conducted with the support of a grant "Application of Various Protocols of Perfusion Preservation in Kidney and Liver Transplantation" (Grant No. 2312-15/22, dated March 25, 2022) from the non-profit organization "Moscow Center for Innovative Technologies in Healthcare".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez-Fructuoso AI, Prats D, Torrente J, et al. 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