vmireavizВестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и ЗдоровьеBulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)2226-762X2782-1579РЕАВИЗ10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.1.OZOZ.1vmireaviz-1187Research ArticleОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ, ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯPUBLIC HEALTH, ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH CAREИстория трансплантации почкиHistory of kidney transplantationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-2330КаабакМ. М.KaabakM. M.

Каабак Михаил Михайлович - д-р мед. наук, профессор.

Краснобогатырская ул., д. 2, стр. 2, Москва, 107564

Mikhail M. Kaabak - Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, Moscow Medical University "Reaviz".

2, Krasnobogatyrskaya str., building 2, Moscow, 107564

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-8675ЯреминБ. И.YareminB. I.

Яремин Борис Иванович - канд. мед. наук, доцент, врач-хирург, научный сотрудник, НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского; доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов, РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова; заведующий кафедрой хирургических болезней, Московский медицинский университет «Реавиз».

Краснобогатырская ул., д. 2, стр. 2, Москва, 107564; Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, Москва, 129090; ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва, 117997

Boris I. Yaremin - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Docent, surgeon, researcher, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Associate Professor of the Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Head of the Department of Surgical Diseases, Moscow Medical University "Reaviz".

2, Krasnobogatyrskaya str., building 2, Moscow, 107564; 3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090; 1, Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997

b.i.yaremin@reaviz.onlineМосковский медицинский университет «Реавиз»РоссияMoscow Medical University "Reaviz"Russian FederationМосковский медицинский университет «Реавиз»; Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. ПироговаРоссияMoscow Medical University "Reaviz"; N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation202520032025151150170Copyright © Каабак М.М., Яремин Б.И., 20252025Каабак М.М., Яремин Б.И.Kaabak M.M., Yaremin B.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1187

Статья посвящена истории становления трансплантации почки как медицинской технологии, охватывающей три ключевых этапа: период осознания, формирования и становления. В работе подробно рассмотрены эволюция представлений о функции почек, начиная с древних времен, и развитие методов заместительной почечной терапии, включая диализ и первые эксперименты по трансплантации. Особое внимание уделено вкладу ученых и хирургов, таких как Эмерих Ульман, Алексис Каррель, Юрий Вороной и Джозеф Мюррей, в разработку хирургических техник и преодоление иммунологических барьеров. Описаны ключевые достижения в области консервации органов, тканевой иммунологии и иммуносупрессии, которые сделали возможными успешные аллотрансплантации. Отдельно освещена история развития трансплантологии в России, включая первые эксперименты В.П. Демихова и успешные клинические операции под руководством Б.В. Петровского. Статья подчеркивает, что современная трансплантация почки является результатом многовековых усилий множества исследователей, чьи работы заложили основы для спасения тысяч жизней.

The article is devoted to the history of kidney transplantation as a medical technology, covering three key stages: the period of awareness, formation, and establishment. The work thoroughly examines the evolution of understanding kidney function, starting from ancient times, and the development of renal replacement therapies, including dialysis and early transplantation experiments. Special attention is paid to the contributions of scientists and surgeons such as Emerich Ullmann, Alexis Carrel, Yuriy Voronoy, and Joseph Murray in developing surgical techniques and overcoming immunological barriers. Key achievements in organ preservation, tissue immunology, and immunosuppression, which made successful allotransplantations possible, are described. The history of transplantology in Russia is separately highlighted, including the early experiments of V.P. Demikhov and successful clinical operations under the guidance of B.V. Petrovsky. The article emphasizes that modern kidney transplantation is the result of centuries of efforts by numerous researchers whose work laid the foundation for saving thousands of lives.

Трансплантация почки [D007682)История медицины [D006666)Заместительная почечная терапия [D012078]Диализ [D003968]Иммуносупрессия [D007165]Сохранение тканей и органов [D014001]Трансплантационная иммунология [D014181]Аллотрансплантаты [D000437]Ксенотрансплантация [D020170]Гистосовместимость [D006660]Трансплантациягомологичная [D014181]Kidney Transplantation [D007682]History of Medicine [D006666]Renal Replacement Therapy [D012078]Dialysis [D003968]Immunosuppression [D007165]Tissue and Organ Preservation [D014001]Transplantation Immunology [D014181]Allografts [D000437]Xenotransplantation [D020170]Histocompatibility [D006660]TransplantationHomologous [D014181]ReferencesKabanova S.A., Bogopol’skiy P.M. Kidney transplant: history, results and perspectives (The 50th anniversary of the first successful kidney transplant in Russia). Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation. 2015;(2):49-58. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.