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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.3.CLIN.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1213</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прямые закрытые повреждения диафрагмы: диагностика и лечение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Direct closed diaphragm injuries: diagnosis and treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-8645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимирова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимирова Елизавета Семеновна - Д-р мед. наук, научный консультант отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии Вклад автора: разработка концепции и дизайна, анализ и интерпретация данных; обоснование рукописи, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Vladimirova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Scientific consultant of the Department of Emergency Surgery Author's contribution: concept and design development, data analysis and interpretation; justification of the manuscript, verification of critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VladimirovaES@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1423-5946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермолова Ирина Владимировна - Канд. мед. наук, старший преподаватель учебного центра Вклад автора: разработка концепции и дизайна, анализ и интерпретация данных; обоснование рукописи, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи. </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Ermolova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Lecturer of The Learning Center Author's contribution: concept and design development, data analysis and interpretation; justification of the manuscript, verification of critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ErmolovaIV@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-5367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черноусов</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernousov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черноусов Федор Александрович - Д-р мед. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии Вклад автора: обоснование рукописи, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedor A. Chernousov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Senior Researcher at the Department of Emergency Surgery Author's contribution: justification of the manuscript, verification of critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ChernousovFA@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-4890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котанджан</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotandzhan</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котанджян Вазген Гагикович - Заведующий отделением торакальной хирургии Вклад автора: проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vazgen G. Kotandzhyan - Head, Thoracic Surgery Department Author's contribution: verification of critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KotanjanVG@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6681-0653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаева Елена Борисовна - Канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии Вклад автора: анализ и интерпретация данных, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena B. Nikolaeva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research Officer of Emergency Surgery Department Author’s contribution: analysis and interpretation of data, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">NikolaevaEB@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5798-1407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Ирина Евгеньевна - Канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики Вклад автора: анализ и интерпретация данных; обоснование рукописи, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina E. Popova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research at the Department of Radiation Diagnostics Author’s contribution: data analysis and interpretation; justification of the manuscript, verification of critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">PopovaIE@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-8032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеечкина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseechkina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеечкина Ольга Анатольевна - Канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики Вклад автора: анализ и интерпретация данных, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga A. Alekseechkina - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research at the Department of Radiation Diagnostics Author’s contribution: data analysis and interpretation; final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AlekseechkinaOA@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Владимирова Е.С., Ермолова И.В., Черноусов Ф.А., Котанджан В.Г., Николаева Е.Б., Попова И.Е., Алексеечкина О.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Владимирова Е.С., Ермолова И.В., Черноусов Ф.А., Котанджан В.Г., Николаева Е.Б., Попова И.Е., Алексеечкина О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vladimirova E.S., Ermolova I.V., Chernousov F.A., Kotandzhan V.G., Nikolaeva E.B., Popova I.E., Alekseechkina O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1213">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1213</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Повреждения диафрагмы ребром или прямые закрытые повреждения диафрагмы в разные сроки после травмы связаны с развитием гемоторакса, пневмогемоторакса, ушибом лёгкого, которые приводят к вторичным лёгочным осложнениям. Вопросы диагностики и тактики при прямых повреждениях диафрагмы во многом остаются нерешёнными. Цель: оценить возможности лучевых методов диагностики и определить методы лечения прямых закрытых повреждений диафрагмы. Объект и методы. В исследование включены 66 пациентов с сочетанной и изолированной травмой груди, переломами рёбер и прямыми закрытыми повреждениями диафрагмы, потребовавшими дренирования плевральной полости и других хирургических методов лечения (видеоторакоскопии, видеолапароскопии, лапаротомии, торакотомии). Возраст пациентов варьировал от 16 до 84 лет, мужчин было 54, женщин – 12. Выборка была сформирована за период с января 1983 по декабрь 2024 гг. из пациентов, проходивших лечение в НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского. Результаты. Диагностировать прямые закрытые повреждения диафрагмы при использовании лучевых методов диагностики достаточно сложно, т.к. прямыми признаками является доказательство перемещения органов брюшной полости через дефект диафрагмы. Трудности диагностики прямых закрытых повреждений диафрагмы обусловлены небольшим сквозным дефектом диафрагмы или отсутствием сквозного дефекта при неполных повреждениях. Ведущая роль в выявлении прямых закрытых повреждений диафрагмы принадлежит методам, позволяющим визуально оценить состояние диафрагмы (видеоторакоскопия, видеолапароскопия, лапаротомия, торакотомия, аутопсия). Выводы. Расширенное использование видеоторакоскопии при закрытой травме груди выявляет прямые закрытые повреждения диафрагмы в ранние сроки и позволяет избежать поздних осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Diaphragmatic injuries caused by ribs or direct blunt diaphragmatic injuries at various periods after trauma are associated with the development of hemothorax, pneumohemothorax, and pulmonary contusion, which lead to secondary pulmonary complications. Issues of diagnosis and management of direct diaphragmatic injuries remain largely unresolved. Objective: to evaluate the capabilities of radiological diagnostic methods and determine treatment approaches for direct blunt diaphragmatic injuries. Object and methods. The study included 66 patients with combined and isolated chest trauma, rib fractures, and direct blunt diaphragmatic injuries requiring pleural drainage and other surgical treatment methods (video-assisted thoracoscopy, video laparoscopy, laparotomy, thoracotomy). Patient age ranged from 16 to 84 years, with 54 men and 12 women. The sample was formed over the period from January 1983 to December 2024 from patients treated at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. Results. Diagnosing direct blunt diaphragmatic injuries using radiological diagnostic methods is quite challenging, as direct signs require proof of abdominal organ displacement through the diaphragmatic defect. Diagnostic difficulties of direct blunt diaphragmatic injuries are due to small penetrating diaphragmatic defects or absence of penetrating defects in incomplete injuries. The leading role in detecting direct blunt diaphragmatic injuries belongs to methods that allow visual assessment of diaphragmatic condition (video-assisted thoracoscopy, video laparoscopy, laparotomy, thoracotomy, autopsy). Conclusions. Extended use of video-assisted thoracoscopy in blunt chest trauma reveals direct blunt diaphragmatic injuries in early stages and allows avoidance of late complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>травма диафрагмы [A03.734.414]</kwd><kwd>закрытая травма груди [C26.858]</kwd><kwd>переломы ребер [C26.404.180.746]</kwd><kwd>гемоторакс [C08.460.261.437]</kwd><kwd>пневмоторакс [C08.460.261.671]</kwd><kwd>видеоторакоскопия [E04.928.907]</kwd><kwd>лапароскопия [E01.370.388.250.520]</kwd><kwd>дренирование плевральной полости [E04.210.300]</kwd><kwd>лучевая диагностика [E01.370.350.700.745]</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение [E04]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diaphragmatic injury / Diaphragm [A03.734.414]</kwd><kwd>blunt chest trauma / Thoracic Injuries [C26.858]</kwd><kwd>rib fractures [C26.404.180.746]</kwd><kwd>hemothorax [C08.460.261.437]</kwd><kwd>pneumothorax [C08.460.261.671]</kwd><kwd>video-assisted thoracoscopy / Thoracoscopy [E04.928.907]</kwd><kwd>laparoscopy [E01.370.388.250.520]</kwd><kwd>pleural drainage / Drainage [E04.210.300]</kwd><kwd>radiological diagnosis / Radiography</kwd><kwd>Thoracic [E01.370.350.700.745]</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment / General Surgery [E04].</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петровский Б.В., Каншин Н.Н., Николаев Н.О. 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