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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.2.OZOZ.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1216</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Общественное здоровье, организация здравоохранения, история медицины</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Public health</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>История развития представлений о причинах, методах диагностики и лечения ишемического инсульта от древнего мира до новейшего времени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The history of the development of ideas about the causes, methods of diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke from the ancient world to modern times</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-3509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Евгений Владимирович, Канд. мед. наук, заведующий неврологическим отделением для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения, младший научный сотрудник научного отделения неотложной неврологии и восстановительного лечения</p><p>Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy V. Shevchenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Neurological Department for Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents, Junior Researcher of the Scientific Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation Treatment</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shevchenkoev@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-1417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалева Элла Александровна, Канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник научного отделения неотложной неврологии и восстановительного лечения, старший преподаватель учебного отдела, врач-невролог неврологического отделения для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения</p><p>Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ella A. Kovaleva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher of the Scientific Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation Treatment, senior lecturer of the educational Department, neurologist of the neurological department for patients with acute disorders of cerebral circulation</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalevaea@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-592X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коригова</surname><given-names>Х. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korigova</surname><given-names>Kh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коригова Хеди Валерьевна, Младший научный сотрудник научного отделения неотложной неврологии и восстановительного лечения, врач-невролог неврологического отделения для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения</p><p>Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khedi V. Korigova, Junior Researcher of the Scientific Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation Treatment, neurologist of the Neurological Department for patients with acute disorders of cerebral circulation</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korigovahv@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7417-1845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алиев Илгар Садыхович, Канд. мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник научного отделения неотложной неврологии и восстановительного лечения, заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии для больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения</p><p>Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilgar S. Aliev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher of the Scientific Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation Treatment, head of the Intensive Care Unit and Intensive Care unit for patients with acute disorders of cerebral circulation</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alievis@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-4114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанов</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanov</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамазанов Ганипа Рамазанович, Канд. мед. наук, заместитель директора – руководитель РСЦ, заведующий научным отделением неотложной неврологии и восстановительного лечения</p><p>Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ganipa R. Ramazanov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director – Head of the RSC, Head of the Scientific Department of Emergency Neurology and Rehabilitation Treatment</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ramazanovgr@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>211</fpage><lpage>221</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевченко Е.В., Ковалева Э.А., Коригова Х.В., Алиев И.С., Рамазанов Г.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевченко Е.В., Ковалева Э.А., Коригова Х.В., Алиев И.С., Рамазанов Г.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchenko E.V., Kovaleva E.A., Korigova K.V., Aliev I.S., Ramazanov G.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1216">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1216</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Представления о механизмах развития инсульта менялись на протяжении столетий, подвергаясь влиянию не только уровня технологий, но и научно-философской мысли соответствующей эпохи.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: проанализировать эволюцию представлений о причинах, методах диагностики и лечения ишемического инсульта от Древнего мира до современности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведён исторический анализ медицинской литературы, научных трудов и клинической практики разных эпох, связанных с изучением и лечением инсульта.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Прослежена трансформация концепции ишемического инсульта от древнегреческой «апоплексии» до современного понимания патофизиологии церебральной ишемии. Выделены два основных исторических периода в изучении инсульта, разделённых открытиями европейских учёных XIX века. Описана эволюция диагностических методов от клинического наблюдения до современных технологий нейровизуализации, а также развитие терапевтических подходов от симптоматического лечения до реперфузионной терапии и организации специализированной помощи.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Знание исторического пути развития представлений об ишемическом инсульте позволяет осмыслить современные подходы к его диагностике и лечению, оценить вклад выдающихся исследователей и роль научно-технического прогресса в совершенствовании помощи пациентам с цереброваскулярной патологией. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The ideas about the mechanisms of stroke development have changed over the centuries, being influenced not only by the level of technology, but also by the scientific and philosophical thought of the corresponding era.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective of the study</title><p>Objective of the study: to analyze the evolution of ideas about the causes, methods of diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke from the Ancient World to the present day.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A historical analysis of medical literature, scientific works and clinical practice of different eras associated with the study and treatment of stroke was carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The transformation of the concept of ischemic stroke from the ancient Greek "apoplexy" to the modern understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia is traced. Two main historical periods in the study of stroke are distinguished, separated by the discoveries of European scientists of the 19th century. The evolution of diagnostic methods from clinical observation to modern neuroimaging technologies, as well as the development of therapeutic approaches from symptomatic treatment to reperfusion therapy and the organization of specialized care are described. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Knowledge of the historical path of development of ideas about ischemic stroke allows us to understand modern approaches to its diagnosis and treatment, to evaluate the contribution of outstanding researchers and the role of scientific and technological progress in improving care for patients with cerebrovascular pathology.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт [D020521]</kwd><kwd>история медицины [D006664]</kwd><kwd>апоплексия [D001119]</kwd><kwd>реперфузионная терапия [D019151]</kwd><kwd>тромболизис [D013918]</kwd><kwd>тромбэктомия [D017133]</kwd><kwd>ишемическая пенумбра [D056589]</kwd><kwd>организация медицинской помощи [D006293]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke [D020521]</kwd><kwd>history of medicine [D006664]</kwd><kwd>apoplexy [D001119]</kwd><kwd>reperfusion therapy [D019151]</kwd><kwd>тромболизис [D013918]</kwd><kwd>thrombectomy [D017133]</kwd><kwd>ischemic penumbra [D056589]</kwd><kwd>healthcare organization [D006293]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muresanu D, Dobran SA, Cretoiu D. 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