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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.4.MORPH.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1297</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Морфология, патология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Morphology, pathology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологические изменения в мегакариоцитах при лечении гидроксимочевиной истинной полицитемии и первичного миелофиброза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological changes in megakaryocytes during hydroxyurea treatment of polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-6973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаркуша</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garkusha</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаркуша Татьяна Андреевна, Ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии им. профессора П.Г. Подзолкова; врач-патологоанатом Вклад автора: автор идеи, написание рукописи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи, подготовка иллюстраций, подбор и анализ литературы.</p><p>ул. Партизана-Железняка, д. 3Д, г. Красноярск, 660022;ул. Партизана-Железняка, д. 1, г. Красноярск, 660022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana A. Garkusha, Assistant of the Department of Pathological Anatomy named after Professor P.G. Podzolkov; pathologist Author's contribution: author of the idea, writing the working version of the manuscript, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article, preparation of illustrations, selection and analysis of literature.</p><p>Partizana Zheleznyaka str., 3D, Krasnoyarsk, 660022;Partizana Zheleznyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.garkusha@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярское краевое патологоанатомическое бюро; &#13;
Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk Regional Pathological Anatomy Bureau;&#13;
Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гаркуша Т.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаркуша Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Garkusha T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1297">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1297</self-uri><abstract><p>Ведение. Миелопролиферативные заболевания характеризуются нарушением одной или более клеточной линии миелопоэза в костном мозге. При истинной полицитемии, первичном миелофиброзе и эссенциальной тромбоцитемии происходит гиперплазия мегакариоцитарного ростка с формированием их атипичных форм. В мегакариоцитах при данных новообразованиях наблюдается угнетение апоптоза, что способствует сохранению атипичных форм. Для лечения Ph-негативных миелопролиферативных заболеваний применяется гидроксимочевина. Механизм действия данного препарата связан с ингибированиием рибонуклеотидредуктазы. В настоящем исследовании была поставлена цель – дать ультраструктурную характеристику мегакариоцитов с определением потенциальных терапевтических мишеней при лечении гидроксимочевиной Ph-негативных миелопролиферативных новообразований. Материалы и методы. Было исследовано четыре образца костного мозга, полученные от пациентов методом трепанобиопсии ости подвздошной кости. У пациентов были диагностированы истинная полицитемия и первичный миелофиброз. Все представленные пациенты, независимо от нозологии, получали лечение гидроксимочевиной в терапевтических дозах. Результат. В образцах костного мозга, в цитоплазме мегакариоцитов визуализировались «пустоты», имеющие вид оптически пустых вакуолей. При электронной микроскопии мегакариоцитов, в препаратах костного мозга, в проекциях описанных выше оптически пустых вакуолей определялись полости от округлой до неправильной формы разных размеров. В части данных полостей визуализировались слоистые массы, пластинки которых имели концентрическое направление – аутофагические вакуоли. Слоистые структуры с концентрически направленными пластинками, напоминавшие содержимое аутофагических вакуолей, определялись и вне клеток. Конденсации хроматина в ядрах мегакариоцитов не наблюдалось. Вывод. Результаты, полученные в исследовании, предполагают, что гидроксимочевина инициирует в мегакариоцитах при лечении Ph-негативных миелопролиферативных новообразований аутофагический ответ. Возможно, как инициирование в клетках аутофагической гибели, что могло бы объяснить его терапевтический эффект. Однако также возможно, что аутофагия имеет цитопротективную роль. Таким образом, аутофагия является потенциальной терапевтической мишенью при лечении гидроксимочевиной.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Myeloproliferative diseases are characterized by the disorder of one or more myelopoiesis cell lines in the bone marrow. In true polycythemia, primary myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia, hyperplasia of the megakaryocytic lineage occurs with the formation of their atypical forms. In megakaryocytes in these neoplasms, inhibition of apoptosis is observed, which contributes to the preservation of atypical forms. Hydroxyurea is used to treat Ph-negative mycloproliferative diseases. The mechanism of action of this drug is associated with the inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. The aim of this study was to provide an ultrastructural characteristic of megakaryocytes with the definition of potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of Ph-negative MPN with hydroxyurea. Materials and methods. Four bone marrow samples obtained from patients were examined using the iliac spine trephine biopsy method. The patients were diagnosed with true polycythemia and primary myelofibrosis. All the presented patients, regardless of the nosology, were treated with the drug - hydroxyurea in therapeutic doses. Result. In bone marrow samples, in the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes, "voids" were visualized that looked like optically empty vacuoles. During electron microscopy of megakaryocytes, in bone marrow preparations, in the projections of the optically empty vacuoles described above, cavities from round to irregular in shape, of different sizes were determined. In some of these cavities, layered masses were visualized, the plates of which had a concentric direction - autophagic vacuoles. Layered structures, with concentrically directed plates, resembling the contents of autophagic vacuoles, were also determined outside the cells. Condensation of chromatin in the nuclei of megakaryocytes was not observed. Conclusion. The results obtained in the study suggest that hydroxyurea initiates an autophagic response in megakaryocytes during treatment of Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Possibly, as the initiation of autophagic cell death, which could explain its therapeutic effect. However, it is also possible that autophagy has a cytoprotective role. Thus, autophagy is a potential therapeutic target in treatment with hydroxyurea.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миелопролиферативные новообразования [D054437]</kwd><kwd>мегакариоциты [D008533]</kwd><kwd>аутофагия [D001343]</kwd><kwd>гидроксимочевина [D006918]</kwd><kwd>истинная полицитемия [D011087]</kwd><kwd>первичный миелофиброз [D055728]</kwd><kwd>костный мозг [D001853]</kwd><kwd>ультраструктура [D014463]</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия [D008854]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myeloproliferative neoplasms [D054437]</kwd><kwd>megakaryocytes [D008533]</kwd><kwd>autophagy [D001343]</kwd><kwd>hydroxyurea [D006918]</kwd><kwd>polycythemia vera [D011087]</kwd><kwd>primary myelofibrosis [D055728]</kwd><kwd>bone marrow [D001853]</kwd><kwd>ultrastructure [D014463]</kwd><kwd>electron microscopy [D008854]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alaggio R, Amador C, Anagnostopoulos I, Attygalle AD, Araujo IBO, Berti E, et al. 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