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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.3.EDT.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1299</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Редакционная статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Editorial</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дуализм процесса старения (аналитический обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dualism of the Aging Process (analytical review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-759X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шабалин Владимир Николаевич - Д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, президент; главный научный сотрудник </p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 227, г. Самара, 443001;ул. Балтийская, д. 8, г. Москва 125315</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Shabalin - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, president; Chief Researcher </p><p>227, Chapayepvskaya St., Samara, 443001;8, Baltiyskaya St., Moscow 125315</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет «Реавиз»;&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical University "Reaviz";&#13;
Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шабалин В.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шабалин В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shabalin V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1299">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1299</self-uri><abstract><p>Процесс старения представляет собой одну из самых сложных проблем в биологии. В сотнях научно-исследовательских институтов во всём мире ведутся исследования старения, протекающего на различных уровнях структурной организации живой материи. Опубликованы результаты многих тысяч работ по изучению этого явления. Предложено более 300 теорий, пытающихся объяснить причины старения. При этом важно отметить, что практически все теории связывают старение с накоплением в организме негативных изменений в молекулах, клетках. Складывается впечатление, что человек (или особь другого вида) живёт для того, чтобы внести негативные изменения в структуру живой материи. Однако это противоречит тому факту, что повреждения и деструктивные изменения не могут обеспечить прогресс в эволюционном развитии жизни. В статье сделана попытка найти причину этого противоречия. Автор выдвигает положение о двойственной функции процесса старения в развитии живой материи: с одной стороны, старение вызывает деградацию организма как системы, с другой, – обеспечивает структурное совершенствование его тканей на молекулярном уровне. То есть старение, как основной механизм эволюции, направлено не на сохранение организма как системы, а на сохранение его отдельных элементов (информационных блоков), представляющих интерес для построения новых структур живой материи в целом. Из этих информационных блоков формируется эволюционная лестница, по которой живая материя поднимается на более высокий уровень своего развития. Старение – не распад и не повреждение, а механизм перевода одной структуры живой ткани в другую – более совершенную, с сохранением её в виде потенциальной фазы для использования новыми клеточными поколениями того же организма или другими организмами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aging process is one of the most complex problems in biology. Hundreds of research institutes around the world are studying aging at various levels of the structural organization of living matter. The results of many thousands of studies on this phenomenon have been published. More than 300 theories have been proposed that attempt to explain the causes of aging. It is important to note that almost all theories associate aging with the accumulation of negative changes in molecules and cells in the body. It seems that a person (or an individual of another biological species) lives in order to make negative changes in the structure of living matter. However, this contradicts the fact that damage and destructive changes cannot ensure progress in the evolutionary development of life. The article attempts to find the cause of this contradiction. The author puts forward a position on the dual function of the aging process in the development of living matter: on the one hand, aging causes degradation of the organism as a system, on the other, it ensures the structural improvement of its tissues at the molecular level. That is, aging, as the main mechanism of evolution, is aimed not at preserving the organism as a system, but at preserving its individual elements (information blocks) that are of interest for building new structures of living matter as a whole. An evolutionary ladder is formed from these information blocks, along which living matter rises to a higher level of its development. Aging is not decay or damage, but a mechanism for transferring one structure of living tissue to another - more perfect, with its preservation in the form of a potential phase for use by new cellular generations of the same organism or other organisms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>старение [D000375]</kwd><kwd>эволюция [D005075]</kwd><kwd>биология старения [D001695]</kwd><kwd>молекулярные механизмы [D008958]</kwd><kwd>структурная организация [D002477]</kwd><kwd>живая материя [D049109]</kwd><kwd>клеточное старение [D016922]</kwd><kwd>эволюционное развитие [D019143]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aging [D000375]</kwd><kwd>evolution [D005075]</kwd><kwd>biology of aging [D001695]</kwd><kwd>molecular mechanisms [D008958]</kwd><kwd>structural organization [D002477]</kwd><kwd>living matter [D049109]</kwd><kwd>cellular aging [D016922]</kwd><kwd>evolutionary development [D019143]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвинова Н.А. 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