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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.5.CLIN.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1300</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенез ранних внутригрудных осложнений тяжёлой торакальной травмы, пути их устранения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenesis of early intrathoracic complications of severe thoracic trauma, ways of their elimination</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2579-4770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарипов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharipov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарипов Игорь Андреевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор, ведущий специалист политравм отделения сочетанной и множественной травмы,</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 107045</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor' A. Sharipov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Leading Specialist in Polytrauma, Departmentof Combined and Multiple Trauma, </p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Bldg. 3, Moscow, 107045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Shar-Il2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7656-6439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седаков</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedakov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Седаков Алексей Олегович, врач, клинический ординатор отделения сочетанной и множественной травмы,</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 107045</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey O. Sedakov, Doctor, clinical resident of the department of combined and multipletrauma,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Bldg. 3, Moscow, 107045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sedakov.alesha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0905-7561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеглов</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcheglov</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щеглов Иван Павлович, врач, ординатор, специалист политравм отделения сочетанной и множественной травмы,</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 107045</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan P. Shcheglov, Doctor, resident, specialist in polytrauma of the combined and multipletrauma department,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Bldg. 3, Moscow, 107045</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sheglovdoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-8922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мануйлов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manuilov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мануйлов Владимир Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, главный врач,</p><p>ул. Авиационная, д. 35, г. Пушкино, Московская область, 141206</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Manuilov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Physician,</p><p>Aviatsionnaya Street, Bldg. 35, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141206</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkino_rb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2616-2940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербюк</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbyuk</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербюк Александр Николаевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий научно-клинического отдела, ул. Авиационная, д. 35, г. Пушкино, Московская область, 141206;</p><p>профессор кафедры хирургических болезней, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2, г. Москва, 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr N. Shcherbyuk, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Scientific and Clinical Department, Aviatsionnaya Street, Bldg. 35, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141206;</p><p>Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases, Shchepkina Street, Bldg. 61/2, Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ANS1949@Rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9675-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Архипов Артём Андреевич, заведующий травматолого-ортопедического отделения,</p><p>ул. Авиационная, д. 35, г. Пушкино, Московская область, 141206</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem A. Arkhipov, Head of the traumatology and orthopedic department,</p><p>Aviatsionnaya Street, Bldg. 35, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141206</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arhangello.aa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-7655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немсцверидзе</surname><given-names>Я. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemstsveridze</surname><given-names>Ya. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Немсцверидзе Яков Элгуджович, врач-стоматолог; врач-клинический ординатор кафедры ортопедической стоматологии, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2, г. Москва, 129110;</p><p>специалист научно-инновационного отдела, Краснобогатырская ул., д. 2, стр. 2, г. Москва, 107564</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakov E. Nemstsveridze, Dentist. Clinical resident of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Shchepkina Street, Bldg. 61/2, Moscow, 129110; </p><p>specialist of the Scientific and Innovation Department, Krasnobogatyrskaya Street, Bldg. 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9187751@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8945-3106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслов</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslov</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маслов Валерий Олегович, врач-хирург хирургического отделения, стационара № 2, </p><p>ул. Авиационная, д. 35, г. Пушкино, Московская область, 141206</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriy O. Maslov, surgeon of the surgical department, hospital No. 2,</p><p>Aviatsionnaya Street, Bldg. 35, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141206</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.valeriimasloff@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0362-8487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрущенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrushchenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрущенко Артём Андреевич, студент 5 курса лечебного факультета, </p><p>Краснобогатырская ул., д. 2, стр. 2, г. Москва, 107564</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem A. Andrushchenko, 5th year student of the medical faculty, </p><p>Krasnobogatyrskaya Street, Bldg. 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrushchenko_artem@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пушкинская клиническая больница им. проф. Розанова В.Н.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pushkin Clinical Hospital named after prof. V.N. Rozanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пушкинская клиническая больница им. проф. Розанова В.Н.;&#13;
Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pushkin Clinical Hospital named after prof. V.N. Rozanov;&#13;
Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского;&#13;
Московский медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky; &#13;
Moscow Medical University "Reaviz"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Medical University "Reaviz"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шарипов И.А., Седаков А.О., Щеглов И.П., Мануйлов В.М., Щербюк А.Н., Архипов А.А., Немсцверидзе Я.Э., Маслов В.О., Андрущенко А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шарипов И.А., Седаков А.О., Щеглов И.П., Мануйлов В.М., Щербюк А.Н., Архипов А.А., Немсцверидзе Я.Э., Маслов В.О., Андрущенко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharipov I.A., Sedakov A.O., Shcheglov I.P., Manuilov V.M., Shcherbyuk A.N., Arkhipov A.A., Nemstsveridze Y.E., Maslov V.O., Andrushchenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1300">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1300</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Тяжёлая торакальная травма характеризуется высокой летальностью (27–35%) среди лиц трудоспособного возраста. Основными причинами неблагоприятных исходов являются быстропрогрессирующие внутригрудные осложнения и развитие инфекционных процессов у 65–70% умерших пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить эффективность клапанной торакостомии с применением оригинального дренажного устройства в профилактике ранних внутригрудных осложнений у пациентов с тяжёлой торакальной травмой в сравнении со стандартными методами дренирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное когортное исследование 250 пациентов с тяжёлой торакальной травмой, поступивших в НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского и Пушкинскую клиническую больницу в период с января 2020 по декабрь 2024 гг. (протокол одобрен локальным этическим комитетом №ЛЭК-2019-084). Пациенты распределены в две группы: основная группа (n=130) с применением S-образного дренажа с односторонним лепестковым клапаном и контрольная группа (n=120) со стандартным трубчатым дренированием. Критерии включения: изолированная тяжёлая торакальная травма с ISS 16–25 баллов, возраст 18–65 лет, наличие гемопневмоторакса. Критерии исключения включали сочетанную черепно-мозговую травму, ISS более 25 баллов и полиорганную недостаточность на момент поступления. Первичная конечная точка — частота инфекционных осложнений, вторичные конечные точки включали длительность госпитализации, частоту рецидивирующего пневмоторакса и динамику газообмена (PaO₂/FiO₂). Статистический анализ проведён с использованием критерия χ² для категориальных переменных, U-критерия Манна–Уитни для непрерывных переменных при уровне значимости p&lt;0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В основной группе частота инфекционных осложнений составила 8,5% (11/130) по сравнению с 23,3% (28/120) в контрольной группе (χ²=11,24, p=0,001; ОШ=0,31, 95% ДИ 0,15–0,64). Медиана длительности госпитализации при изолированной тяжёлой торакальной травме составила 6 дней [IQR 5–8] в основной группе против 13 дней [IQR 10–16] в контрольной (U=2847, p&lt;0,001). Рецидивирующий пневмоторакс развился у 1,5% (2/130) пациентов основной группы против 7,5% (9/120) контрольной (χ²=5,89, p=0,015). Индекс оксигенации на 3-и сутки: 312±45 мм рт. ст. в основной группе против 276±52 мм рт. ст. в контрольной (p=0,002). Летальность составила 3,8% (5/130) в основной группе против 5,8% (7/120) в контрольной (p=0,48).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Применение клапанной торакостомии с S-образным дренажем статистически значимо снижает частоту инфекционных осложнений и рецидивирующего пневмоторакса, сокращает длительность госпитализации и улучшает показатели газообмена у пациентов с тяжёлой торакальной травмой.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Severe thoracic trauma is characterized by high mortality (27–35%) among working-age individuals. The main causes of unfavorable outcomes include rapidly progressing intrathoracic complications and the development of infectious processes in 65–70% of deceased patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of valve thoracostomy using an original drainage device in the prevention of early intrathoracic complications in patients with severe thoracic trauma compared with standard drainage methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 250 patients with severe thoracic trauma admitted to the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine and Pushkin Clinical Hospital from January 2020 to December 2024 (protocol approved by the local ethics committee No. LEC-2019-084). Patients were allocated into two groups: the study group (n=130) with the use of an S-shaped drain with a one-way petal valve, and the control group (n=120) with standard tube drainage. Inclusion criteria: isolated severe thoracic trauma with ISS 16–25 points, age 18–65 years, presence of hemopneumothorax. Exclusion criteria included concomitant traumatic brain injury, ISS greater than 25 points, and multiple organ failure at admission. The primary endpoint was the incidence of infectious complications; secondary endpoints included length of hospital stay, recurrent pneumothorax rate, and gas exchange dynamics (PaO₂/FiO₂). Statistical analysis was performed using the χ² test for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables at a significance level of p&lt;0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the study group, the incidence of infectious complications was 8.5% (11/130) compared with 23.3% (28/120) in the control group (χ²=11.24, p=0.001; OR=0.31, 95% CI 0.15– 0.64). The median length of hospital stay for isolated severe thoracic trauma was 6 days [IQR 5–8] in the study group versus 13 days [IQR 10–16] in the control group (U=2847, p&lt;0.001). Recurrent pneumothorax developed in 1.5% (2/130) of patients in the study group versus 7.5% (9/120) in the control group (χ²=5.89, p=0.015). The oxygenation index on day 3 was 312±45 mmHg in the study group versus 276±52 mmHg in the control group (p=0.002). Mortality was 3.8% (5/130) in the study group versus 5.8% (7/120) in the control group (p=0.48).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The use of valve thoracostomy with an S-shaped drain significantly reduces the incidence of infectious complications and recurrent pneumothorax, shortens the length of hospital stay, and improves gas exchange parameters in patients with severe thoracic trauma.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>торакальная травма [D013898]</kwd><kwd>пневмоторакс [D011030]</kwd><kwd>геморрагический шок [D012771]</kwd><kwd>дренаж плевральной полости [D015505]</kwd><kwd>торакостомия [D013906]</kwd><kwd>переломы ребер [D012253]</kwd><kwd>послеоперационные осложнения [D011183]</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография [D014057]</kwd><kwd>газообмен [D011659]</kwd><kwd>неотложная медицина [D004635]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thoracic injuries [D013898]</kwd><kwd>pneumothorax [D011030]</kwd><kwd>shock</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic [D012771]</kwd><kwd>chest tubes [D015505]</kwd><kwd>thoracostomy [D013906]</kwd><kwd>rib fractures [D012253]</kwd><kwd>postoperative complications [D011183]</kwd><kwd>tomography</kwd><kwd>X-ray computed [D014057]</kwd><kwd>pulmonary gas exchange [D011659]</kwd><kwd>emergency medicine [D004635]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарипов И.А., Владимирова Е. 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