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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.4.CLIN.8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1321</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неотложная помощь пациентам с различной онкопатологией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Emergency care for patients with various oncopathologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-8645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимирова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимирова Елизавета Семеновна, Д-р мед. наук, научный консультант отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии Вклад автора: разработка концепции и дизайна, анализ и интерпретация данных; обоснование рукописи, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Vladimirova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Scientific consultant of the Department of Emergency Surgery Author's contribution: concept and design development, data analysis and interpretation; justification of the manuscript, verification of critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VladimirovaES@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-5367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черноусов</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernousov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черноусов Федор Александрович, Д-р. мед. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии Вклад автора: обоснование рукописи, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fyodor A. Chernousov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Senior Researcher at the Department of Emergency Surgery Author's contribution: justification of the manuscript, verification of critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ChernousovFA@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котанджан</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotandzhan</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котаджян Вазген Гагиевич, Заведующий торако-абдоминальным отделением Вклад автора: проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vazgen G. Kotadzhyan, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Scientific Department of Combined and Multiple Trauma Author's contribution: verification of critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KotanjianVG@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-2344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадыгов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badygov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бадыгов Станислав Альбертович, Заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии для экстренных больных Вклад автора: анализ и интерпретация данных, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav A. Badygov, Head of the Intensive Care Unit for Emergency Patients Author's contribution: analysis and interpretation of data, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BadygovSA@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-680X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бармина</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barmina</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бармина Татьяна Генадьевна, Канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики Вклад автора: анализ и интерпретация данных; обоснование рукописи, постпроцессорная обработка данных включала в себя построение мультипланарных реконструкций, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana G. Barmina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Research at the Department of Radiation Diagnostics Author's contribution: data analysis and interpretation; justification of the manuscript, Post-processing of data included the construction of multiplanar reconstructions.verification of critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BarminaTG@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8955-882X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнеева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneeva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнеева Светлана Анатольевна, Младший научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики Вклад автора: анализ и интерпретация данных; обоснование рукописи, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A.Korneeva, Junior Researcher, Department of Radiation Diagnostics Author's contribution: 5%, data analysis and interpretation; manuscript justification, revision for critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KorneevaSA@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-7077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Алексей Владимирович, Канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии Вклад автора: анализ и интерпретация данных; обоснование рукописи, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey V. Makarov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy and Intensive Care Author's contribution: data analysis and interpretation; manuscript justification, revision for critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MakarovAV@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-5604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крамаренко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kramarenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крамаренко Анатолий Игоревич, Младший научный сотрудник отделения рентгенхирургических методов диагностики и лечения. Вклад автора: анализ и интерпретация данных; обоснование рукописи, проверка критически важного интеллектуального содержания, окончательное утверждение для публикации рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly I.Kramarenko, Unior Researcher, Department of X-ray Surgical Diagnostic and Treatment Methods Author contribution: data analysis and interpretation; manuscript justification, checking critical intellectual content, final approval for publication of the manuscript.</p><p>3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KramarenkoAV@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Владимирова Е.С., Черноусов Ф.А., Котанджан В.Г., Бадыгов С.А., Бармина Т.Г., Корнеева С.А., Макаров А.В., Крамаренко А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Владимирова Е.С., Черноусов Ф.А., Котанджан В.Г., Бадыгов С.А., Бармина Т.Г., Корнеева С.А., Макаров А.В., Крамаренко А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vladimirova E.S., Chernousov F.A., Kotandzhan V.G., Badygov S.A., Barmina T.G., Korneeva S.A., Makarov A.V., Kramarenko A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1321">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1321</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Системное лечение онкологических больных, особенно в гериатрической популяции, в условиях декомпенсации патологического процесса с развитием неотложных состояний требует проведения cпециализированной помощи. Цель: оценить характер и объём оказания неотложной хирургической помощи с осложнениями органов груди у пациентов с различной онкопатологией. Объект и методы. В исследование включены 217 пациентов, поступивших за 2024 год в институт с различной онкопатологией (33 – в шоковый зал и 184 – в торакальное отделение), потребовавших диагностики и оказания различной неотложной помощи. Результаты. Показаны проявления осложнений течения рака различной локализации, их диагностики и лечения. По характеру осложнений выделены: вторичные осложнения органов груди, пищевода (связанные со сдавлением органов, наличием метастазов, нарушением проходимости просвета за счёт распространения онкопроцесса), воспалительные осложнения, кровохарканье, лёгочные кровотечения и сердечно-сосудистые осложнения. Основным методом диагностики осложнений является рентгенологическое исследование и компьютерная томография с внутривенным болюсным контрастным усилением, ФБС, эзофагоскопия, на основании которых и данных клинической картины определена тактика лечения. Оказание неотложной помощи было основано на результатах обследования и использовании для лечения миниинвазивных, эндоскопических, видеоскопических, открытых хирургических вмешательств и консервативного ведения. Показанием к проведению ангиографии и необходимости выполнения эндоваскулярной эмболизации явилось кровотечение, не поддавашееся консервативному ведению. Выводы. Лечение структурных очаговых изменений, воспалительных процессов, лёгочных кровотечений, сердечно-сосудистых осложнений у онкологических больных основано на использовании миниинвазивных, эндоскопических (стентирования), видео-торакоскопических, ангиографии, эмболизации, консервативного ведения и в только ряде случаев открытых вмешательств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. The complexity of systemic treatment of cancer patients, especially in the geriatric population, in conditions of decompensation of the pathological process with the development of emergency conditions, require specialized care. To assess the nature and scope of emergency surgical care for complications of the chest organs in patients with various oncopathologies. Object and methods. The study included 217 patients in 2024, admitted to the institute with various oncopathologies (33 – to the shock room and 184 – to the thoracic department), requiring diagnostics and various emergency care. Results. Manifestations of complications of cancer of various localizations, their diagnosis and treatment are shown. By the nature of the complications, the following are distinguished: secondary complications of the chest organs, esophagus (associated with compression of organs, the presence of metastases, obstruction of the lumen due to the spread of the oncological process), inflammatory complications, hemoptysis, pulmonary hemorrhage and cardiovascular complications. The main method for diagnosing complications is X-ray examination and computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast enhancement, FBS, esophagoscopy, on the basis of which, and the clinical picture data, the treatment tactics are determined. Emergency care was provided based on the examination results and the use of minimally invasive, endoscopic, videoscopic, open surgical interventions and conservative management for treatment. The indication for angiography and the need for endovascular embolization was bleeding that did not respond to conservative management. Conclusions. Treatment of structural focal changes, inflammatory processes, pulmonary hemorrhages, cardiovascular complications in cancer patients is based on the use of minimally invasive, endoscopic (stenting), videothoracoscopic, angiography and embolization, conservative management and, in only a number of cases, open interventions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неотложная помощь [D004638]</kwd><kwd>онкологические пациенты [D009369]</kwd><kwd>торакальная хирургия [D013903]</kwd><kwd>гидроторакс [D006876]</kwd><kwd>пневмоторакс [D011030]</kwd><kwd>дренирование плевральной полости [D004322]</kwd><kwd>стентирование [D015607]</kwd><kwd>эмболизация [D004621]</kwd><kwd>метастазы [D009362]</kwd><kwd>паллиативная помощь [D010166]</kwd><kwd>кишечная непроходимость [D007415]</kwd><kwd>бронхоскопия [D001999]</kwd><kwd>трахеостомия [D014140]</kwd><kwd>шкала ECOG [нет MeSH]</kwd><kwd>легочное кровотечение [D006469]</kwd><kwd>эмпиема плевры [D016724]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>emergency care [D004638]</kwd><kwd>cancer patients [D009369]</kwd><kwd>thoracic surgery [D013903]</kwd><kwd>hydrothorax [D006876]</kwd><kwd>pneumothorax [D011030]</kwd><kwd>pleural drainage [D004322]</kwd><kwd>stenting [D015607]</kwd><kwd>embolization [D004621]</kwd><kwd>metastases [D009362]</kwd><kwd>palliative care [D010166]</kwd><kwd>intestinal obstruction [D007415]</kwd><kwd>bronchoscopy [D001999]</kwd><kwd>tracheostomy [D014140]</kwd><kwd>ECOG scale [нет MeSH]</kwd><kwd>pulmonary hemorrhage [D006469]</kwd><kwd>pleural empyema [D016724]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lash RS, Hong AS, Bell JF, Reed SC, Pettit N. 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