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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2026.1.TX.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1345</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Донорство и трансплантация органов и тканей</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Organ and tissue donation and transplantation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические факторы, ассоциированные с патологическими изменениями в трансплантате печени в отдалённом посттрансплантационном период</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical factors associated with pathological changes in the liver graft in the long-term post-transplant period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-5211</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюткин</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syutkin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сюткин Владимир Евгеньевич, Д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры хирургии с курсами онкохирургии,эндоскопии, хирургической патологии, клинической трансплантологии и органного донорства Медико-биологического университета инноваций и непрерывного образования; ведущий научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени,  НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ </p><p>ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23, Москва, 123098, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir E. Syutkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Surgery with courses in oncologic surgery, endoscopy, surgical pathology, clinical transplantation, and organ donation; Leading Researcher, Liver Transplantation  Department, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow Health Department</p><p>Marshala Novikova st., 23, Moscow, 123098, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladsyutkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-5398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Восканян</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voskanyan</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Восканян Сергей Эдуардович, Член-корреспондент РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель главного врача по хирургической помощи – руководитель  Центра хирургии и трансплантологии, заведующий кафедрой хирургии с курсами онкохирургии, эндоскопии, хирургической патологии, клинической трансплантологии и органного донорства Медико-биологического университета инноваций и непрерывного образования</p><p>ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23, Москва, 123098, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey E. Voskanyan, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, PhD Professor, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgical Care, Head of the Center for Surgery and Transplantology, Head of the Department of Surgery with Courses in Oncologic Surgery, Endoscopy, Surgical Pathology, Clinical Transplantology, and OrganDonation at the Medical and Biological University of Innovation and Continuous Education</p><p>Marshala Novikova st., 23, Moscow, 123098, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voskanyan_se@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-5886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лищук</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lishchuk</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лищук Сергей Владимирович, Канд. мед. наук, заведующий патологоанатомическим отделением Медико-биологического университета инноваций и непрерывного образования</p><p>ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23, Москва, 123098, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Lishchuk, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Pathology Department, Medical and Biological University of Innovations and Continuous Education</p><p>Marshala Novikova st., 23, Moscow, 123098, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.lischuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-538X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубова Елена Алексеевна, Д-р мед. наук, врач-патологоанатом Медико-биологического университетаинноваций и непрерывного образования</p><p>ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23, Москва, 123098, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Dubova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Pathologist, Medical and Biological University of Innovation and Continuous Education</p><p>Marshala Novikova st., 23, Moscow, 123098, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-6621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудаков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рудаков Владимир Сергеевич. Канд. мед. наук, врач-хирург хирургического отделения по координации донорства органов и (или) тканей человека, врач-хирург  хирургического отделения № 2 </p><p>ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23, Москва, 123098, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Rudakov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Surgeon, Surgical Department for Coordination of Human Organ and/or Tissue Donation, Surgeon, Surgical Department No. 2</p><p>Marshala Novikova st., 23, Moscow, 123098, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rudakov_vc@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1638-0087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянчикова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukianchikova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукьянчикова Анна Сергеевна, Врач-хирург операционного блока №1 операционного отделения </p><p>ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23, Москва, 123098, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Luk'yanchikova, Surgeon, Operating Unit #1, Surgical Department</p><p>Marshala Novikova st., 23, Moscow, 123098, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anlukyanchikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-2061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ионова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ionova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ионова Елена Александровна. Д-р мед. наук, заведующая кафедрой лучевой диагностики Медико-биологического университета инноваций и непрерывного образования</p><p>ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23, Москва, 123098, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Ionova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Radiology, Medical and Biological University of Innovation and Continuous Education</p><p>Marshala Novikova st., 23, Moscow, 123098, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doc.ionova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-6415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Башков Андрей Николаевич, Канд. мед. наук, руководитель Центра лучевой диагностики, заведующийотделением лучевой и радиоизотопной диагностики</p><p>ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23, Москва, 123098, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Bashkov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Radiation Diagnostics Center, Head of the Department of Radiation and Radioisotope Diagnostics</p><p> Marshala Novikova st., 23, Moscow, 123098, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abashkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-2724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маткевич</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matkevich</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маткевич Елена Ивановна, Канд. мед. наук, врач-рентгенолог, заведующая отделением МРТ-диагностики Центра лучевой диагностики </p><p>ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23, Москва, 123098, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Matkevich, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Radiologist, Head of the MRI Diagnostics Department, Radiation Diagnostics Center</p><p>Marshala Novikova st., 23, Moscow, 123098, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pencil_red@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сюткин В.Е., Восканян С.Э., Лищук С.В., Дубова Е.А., Рудаков В.С., Лукьянчикова А.С., Ионова Е.А., Башков А.Н., Маткевич Е.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сюткин В.Е., Восканян С.Э., Лищук С.В., Дубова Е.А., Рудаков В.С., Лукьянчикова А.С., Ионова Е.А., Башков А.Н., Маткевич Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Syutkin V.E., Voskanyan S.E., Lishchuk S.V., Dubova E.A., Rudakov V.S., Lukianchikova A.S., Ionova E.A., Bashkov A.N., Matkevich E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1345">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1345</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Отказ большинства трансплантационных центров от протокольных биопсий печени приводит к тому, что клинически значимые патологические изменения трансплантата — фиброз, жировая болезнь, хронический гепатит, дуктопения — длительно остаются нераспознанными даже при нормальных показателях функциональных проб печени, а терминальная стадия болезни трансплантата нередко становится неожиданностью для врача и пациента. Цель: изучить частоту утраты желчных протоков, жировой болезни трансплантата, активного гепатита и фиброза печени и выявить значимые независимые клинические и лабораторные факторы, ассоциированные с этими патологическими изменениями в отдалённом посттрансплантационном периоде. Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно оценены результаты гистологического исследования 168 биоптатов у 178 реципиентов печени, полученных не ранее 12 месяцев после трансплантации (медиана наблюдения 57,8 [26,3; 94,9] мес.). Лабораторные показатели стандартизированы относительно верхней границы нормы с учётом половых различий. Явная дисфункция трансплантата определялась как повышение АЛТ, АСТ или щелочной фосфатазы более 1,5 ВГН. Фиброз оценивался по шкалам METAVIR и LAF (портальный, синусоидальный, внутридольковый компоненты). Статистический анализ включал критерий Манна–Уитни, критерий χ², коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена и многофакторный логистический регрессионный анализ. Результаты. Стеатоз трансплантата (&gt;5% гепатоцитов) выявлен в 29,2% случаев, стеатогепатит — в 14,9%, активный гепатит (METAVIR A2–A3) — в 10,1%, выраженный фиброз (METAVIR F3–F4) — в 14,9%, дуктопения — в 16,1%. По данным многофакторного анализа, стеатоз и стеатогепатит независимо ассоциировались с высоким ИМТ, снижением рСКФ &lt;45 мл/мин/1,73 м² и жировой болезнью печени как исходной причиной трансплантации; стеатогепатит — дополнительно с сахарным диабетом. Выраженный фиброз портальных трактов был связан с явной дисфункцией трансплантата, длительностью послеоперационного периода и низкой рСКФ; синусоидальный фиброз — только с низкой рСКФ; внутридольковый фиброз — с молодым возрастом донора и применением циклоспорина. Дуктопения ассоциировалась с аутоиммунными заболеваниями печени как причиной трансплантации и наличием билиарных стриктур. Заключение. Болезнь трансплантата печени в отдалённом периоде представлена как минимум двумя принципиально различными паттернами — хроническим гепатитом и жировой болезнью трансплантата, — различающимися по факторам риска, динамике и лабораторным маркёрам. Снижение СКФ является неожиданно значимым независимым предиктором нескольких форм гистологических повреждений у взрослых реципиентов. Полученные результаты обосновывают возврат к практике протокольных биопсий в отдалённом посттрансплантационном периоде.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Abandonment of protocol liver biopsies in most transplant centers allows clinically significant graft pathology — fibrosis, steatosis, chronic hepatitis, ductopenia — to remain undetected for prolonged periods, even in the absence of graft dysfunction or laboratory abnormalities, resulting in unexpected late graft failure. Objective. To assess the prevalence of bile duct loss, graft steatosis, active hepatitis, and liver fibrosis, and to identify independent clinical and laboratory factors associated with these pathological changes in the long-term posttransplant period. Materials and Methods. Histological findings from 168 adequate liver biopsy specimens obtained from 178 adult liver transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. All biopsies were performed no earlier than 12 months post-transplantation (median follow-up 57.8 [26.3; 94.9] months). Liver function test values were normalized to sex-specific upper limits of normal. Overt graft dysfunction was defined as elevation of ALT, AST, or alkaline phosphatase above 1.5× ULN. Fibrosis was assessed using METAVIR and the liver allograft fibrosis (LAF) scale, evaluating portal, sinusoidal, and centrilobular components separately. Statistical methods included Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, Spearman rank correlation, and multivariate logistic regression. Results. Graft steatosis (&gt;5% of hepatocytes) was detected in 29.2% of cases, steatohepatitis in 14.9%, active hepatitis (METAVIR A2–A3) in 10.1%, advanced fibrosis (METAVIR F3–F4) in 14.9%, and ductopenia in 16.1%. On multivariate analysis, steatosis and steatohepatitis were independently associated with elevated BMI, eGFR &lt;45 ml/min/1.73 m², and fatty liver disease as the original indication for transplantation; steatohepatitis was additionally associated with post-transplant diabetes. Advanced portal fibrosis (LAFp) was independently associated with overt graft dysfunction, time elapsed since transplantation, and low eGFR; sinusoidal fibrosis with low eGFR alone; centrilobular fibrosis with younger donor age and cyclosporine use. Ductopenia was independently associated with autoimmune liver disease as the transplant indication and with biliary strictures. Conclusion. Late graft disease encompasses at least two distinct pathological patterns — chronic hepatitis and graft steatotic liver disease — differing in risk factors, progression kinetics, and laboratory markers. Reduced eGFR emerges as an unexpectedly robust independent predictor of multiple histological injury patterns in adult recipients. These findings provide a rationale for reintroducing protocol biopsy in the long-term post-transplant follow-up.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени [D016031]</kwd><kwd>дисфункция трансплантата [D006084]</kwd><kwd>жировая болезнь трансплантата [D005234]</kwd><kwd>стеатогепатит [D005234]</kwd><kwd>фиброз печени [D008103]</kwd><kwd>дуктопения [D001650]</kwd><kwd>протокольная биопсия [D001706]</kwd><kwd>скорость клубочковой фильтрации [D051437]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation [D016031]</kwd><kwd>graft dysfunction [D006084]</kwd><kwd>fatty liver [D005234]</kwd><kwd>steatohepatitis [D005234]</kwd><kwd>liver fibrosis [D008103]</kwd><kwd>bile ducts [D001650]</kwd><kwd>biopsy [D001706]</kwd><kwd>glomerular filtration rate [D051437]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adam R., Karam V., Cailliez V., et al., 2018 Annual Report of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) - 50-year evolution of liver transplantation. 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