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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2026.1.MIM.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1350</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Медицинская визуализация</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Medical Imaging</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы диагностики, расчётные параметры и градации наружного компрессионного стеноза внутренних яремных вен</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic methods, calculation parameters and gradations of extrinsic compression stenosis of the internal jugular veins</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-4586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатохина</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatokhina</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шатохина Мария Геннадьевна, Канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры лучевой диагностики и медицинской визуализации с клиникой Института медицинского образования</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, г. Санкт-Петербург, 197341, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya G. Shatokhina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Clinic,  Institute of Medical Education</p><p>Akkuratova St., 2, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meri260976@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-606X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенов Станислав Евгеньевич, Д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии </p><p>бульвар им. акад. Л.С. Барбараша, стр. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav E. Semenov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology</p><p>Academician L.S. Barbarash Boulevard, Bldg. 6, Kemerovo, 650002, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_semenov_s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7943-9937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малков</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малков Иван Николаевич, Врач-рентгенолог</p><p>пр-т Октябрьский, д. 22, г. Кемерово, 650066, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan N. Malkov, Radiologist</p><p>Oktyabrsky Ave., Bldg. 22, Kemerovo, 650066, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.malkov1997@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-8033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубникова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubnikova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубникова Ольга Александровна, Д-р мед. наук, заведующая лаборатории нейрососудистой патологииотдела клинической кардиологии</p><p>бульвар им. акад. Л.С. Барбараша, стр. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga A. Trubnikova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology</p><p>Academician L.S. Barbarash Boulevard, Bldg. 6, Kemerovo, 650002, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgalet17@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Center </institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кузбасская областная клиническая больница имени С.В. Беляева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.V. Belyaev Kuzbass Regional Clinical Hospital </institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>197</fpage><lpage>207</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шатохина М.Г., Семенов С.Е., Малков И.Н., Трубникова О.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шатохина М.Г., Семенов С.Е., Малков И.Н., Трубникова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shatokhina M.G., Semenov S.E., Malkov I.N., Trubnikova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1350">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1350</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Нарастающий интерес к проблеме наружного компрессионного стеноза внутренних яремных вен (ВЯВ) обусловлен его предполагаемой ролью в патогенезе внутричерепной гипертензии и церебральной венозной дисфункции. Вместе с тем в литературе отсутствует единство в отношении терминологии, пороговых значений стеноза, диагностических критериев и классификационных подходов, что затрудняет сопоставление результатов исследований и выработку клинических рекомендаций. Цель: систематизировать имеющиеся данные о методах диагностики, расчётных параметрах и градациях наружного компрессионного стеноза ВЯВ, а также оценить его пороговые значения, ассоциированные с развитием внутричерепного венозного застоя и клинических проявлений церебральной венозной дисфункции. Материалы и методы. Выполнен обзор литературы на русском и английском языках за период с 1965 по 2025 год по базам данных Medline/PubMed и РИНЦ/eLibrary по ключевым словам: венозный отток, наружный стеноз, внутренняя яремная вена, церебральная венозная дистония/дисфункция/застой, венозная энцефалопатия, внутричерепная гипертензия, а также их англоязычным эквивалентам. Результаты. Установлено, что пороговым значением стеноза одной из ВЯВ, при котором формируется внутричерепной венозный застой с клиническими проявлениями церебральной венозной дисфункции и венозной энцефалопатии, является сужение просвета на 70–80%. Показана перспективность применения калькулятора венозно-артериального баланса (ВАБ) в качестве дополнительного диагностического инструмента: значения суммарного ВАБ менее 40% соответствуют высокому риску внутричерепного венозного застоя, значения в диапазоне 40–59% — зоне неопределённости, исход которой определяется степенью ремоделирования венозной сети шеи. Методом выбора для первичной диагностики признан неинвазивный тандем ультразвукового сканирования и бесконтрастной магнитно-резонансной венографии.  Заключение. Наружный компрессионный стеноз ВЯВ является клинически значимой и недостаточно стандартизированной нозологической единицей. Установление единых диагностических критериев, градаций стеноза и расчётных параметров венозного баланса необходимо для обеспечения сопоставимости исследований и разработки доказательной базы для хирургической коррекции нарушенного церебрального венозного оттока.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Growing interest in external compressive stenosis of the internal jugular veins (IJV) stems from its proposed role in the pathogenesis of intracranial hypertension and cerebral venous dysfunction. However, the literature lacks consensus on terminology, diagnostic criteria, stenosis grading systems, and threshold values, hampering inter-study comparability and evidence-based clinical guidance. Objective. To systematize available data on diagnostic methods, calculated parameters, and grading systems for external compressive IJV stenosis, and to evaluate stenosis thresholds associated with intracranial venous congestion and clinical manifestations of cerebral venous dysfunction. Materials and Methods. A narrative review of Russian- and English-language literature published between 1965 and 2025 was conducted using Medline/PubMed and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI/eLibrary). Search terms included: venous outflow, external stenosis, internal jugular vein, cerebral venous dystonia/dysfunction/congestion/stasis, venous encephalopathy, and intracranial hypertension, as well as their Russian-language equivalents. Results. A stenosis threshold of 70–80% in one IJV was identified as the critical value for the development of intracranial venous congestion with clinical manifestations of cerebral venous dysfunction and venous encephalopathy. The venous-arterial balance (VAB) calculator was identified as a promising supplementary diagnostic tool: a total VAB below 40% indicates high probability of intracranial venous congestion, while values in the 40–59% range represent a zone of uncertainty, the clinical outcome of which depends on the degree of compensatory remodeling of cervical venous collaterals. The non-invasive combination of duplex ultrasound scanning and non-contrast magnetic resonance venography is recommended as the preferred first-line diagnostic approach. Conclusion. External compressive IJV stenosis is a clinically significant yet insufficiently standardized entity. Establishing unified diagnostic criteria, stenosis grading systems, and venous balance parameters is essential for achieving inter-study comparability and building an evidence base for surgical correction of impaired cerebral venous drainage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внутренняя яремная вена [D007568]</kwd><kwd>наружный компрессионный стеноз [D054318]</kwd><kwd>церебральная венозная дисфункция [D002560]</kwd><kwd>внутричерепная гипертензия [D019586]</kwd><kwd>венозная энцефалопатия [D001927]</kwd><kwd>венозно-артериальный баланс [—]</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое сканирование [D015205]</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная венография [D010690]</kwd><kwd>венозный отток головного мозга [D002560]</kwd><kwd>хирургическая декомпрессия [D003653].</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>jugular veins [D007568]</kwd><kwd>venous stenosis [D054318]</kwd><kwd>cerebral veins [D002560]</kwd><kwd>intracranial hypertension [D019586]</kwd><kwd>encephalopathy [D001927]</kwd><kwd>cerebral hemodynamics [—]</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>Doppler [D015205]</kwd><kwd>phlebography [D010690]</kwd><kwd>cerebral circulation [D002560]</kwd><kwd>decompression</kwd><kwd>surgical [D003653]</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование в рамках фундаментальной темы НИИ КПССЗ «Разработка инновационных моделей управления риском развития болезней системы кровообращения с учетом коморбидности на основе изучения фундаментальных, клинических, эпидемиологических механизмов и организационных технологий медицинской помощи в условиях промышленного региона Сибири (научный руководитель – академик РАН О.Л. Барбараш).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Research within the framework of the fundamental topic of the Research Institute of the Complex of Cardiology and Cardiology of the Siberian Circulatory System "Development of innovative models for managing the risk of developing diseases of the circulatory system, taking into account comorbidity based on the study of fundamental, clinical, epidemiological mechanisms and organizational technologies of medical care in the conditions of the industrial region of Siberia (scientific director - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences O.L. Barbarash)".</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou D., Meng R., Zhang X., et al. Intracranial hypertension induced by internal jugular vein stenosis can be resolved by stenting // Eur J Neurol. 2018. Vol. 25 (2). 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