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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.4.TX.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1362</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Донорство и трансплантация органов и тканей</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Organ and tissue donation and transplantation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Машинная перфузия печени с умеренным макростеатозом: эффективность HOPE с контролируемым согреванием</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Machine Perfusion of Livers with Moderate Macrosteatosis: Efficacy of HOPE with Controlled Rewarming</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-8675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яремин</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaremin</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яремин Борис Иванович, Канд. мед. наук, врач-хирург, научный сотрудник, доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. В.П. Демихова, заведующий кафедрой хирургических болезней Вклад автора: концепция и дизайн исследования, разработка протокола машинной перфузии, проведение экспериментальных процедур, анализ и интерпретация результатов, написание рукописи, окончательное одобрение версии для публикации.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090;ул. Островитянова, д. 1, г. Москва, 117513;Каширское шоссе, д. 23, г. Москва, 115522;Краснобогатырская ул., д. 2, стр. 2, Москва, 107564</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Yaremin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), surgeon, researcher, Associate Professor, V.P. Demikhov Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Head of the Department of Surgical Diseases Author's contribution: study concept and design, development of machine perfusion protocol, conducting experimental procedures, analysis and interpretation of results, manuscript writing, final approval of the version for publication.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090;Ostrovityanova St., 1, Moscow, 117513;Kashirskoe shosse, 23, Moscow, 115522;Krasnobogatyrskaya str., 2, building 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b.i.yaremin@reaviz.online</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-7914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новрузбеков</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novruzbekov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новрузбеков Мурад Сафтарович, Д-р мед. наук, профессор, врач-хирург, руководитель научного отделения; заведующий кафедрой трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. В.П. Демихова; профессор кафедры хирургических болезней Вклад автора: концепция и дизайн исследования, координация клинической части работы, участие в проведении трансплантаций, критический анализ рукописи, окончательное одобрение версии для публикации.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090;ул. Островитянова, д. 1, г. Москва, 117513;Каширское шоссе, д. 23, г. Москва, 115522;Краснобогатырская ул., д. 2, стр. 2, Москва, 107564</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murad S. Novruzbekov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Surgeon, Head of the Research Department; Head of the Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs named after V.P. Demikhov; Professor, Department of Surgical Diseases Author's contribution: study concept and design, coordination of clinical aspects, participation in transplantation procedures, critical analysis of the manuscript, final approval of the version for publication.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090;Ostrovityanova St., 1, Moscow, 117513;Kashirskoe shosse, 23, Moscow, 115522;Krasnobogatyrskaya str., 2, building 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-7048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балкаров</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balkarov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балкаров Аслан Галиевич, Канд. мед. наук, руководитель научного отделения; доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов им. В.П. Демихова Вклад автора: планирование экспериментального дизайна, участие в проведении машинной перфузии, анализ биохимических данных, критическое рецензирование рукописи на предмет важного интеллектуального содержания.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090;ул. Островитянова, д. 1, г. Москва, 117513</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aslan G. Balkarov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Research Department; Associate Professor, V.P. Demikhov Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs Author's contribution: experimental design planning, participation in machine perfusion procedures, analysis of biochemical data, critical review of the manuscript for important intellectual content.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090;Ostrovityanova St., 1, Moscow, 117513</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-4818</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казымов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazymov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казымов Бахтияр Исмет Оглы, Врач-хирург, научный сотрудник; ассистент кафедры хирургических болезней Вклад автора: участие в проведении экспериментальных процедур, сбор и первичная обработка данных, участие в статистическом анализе, подготовка таблиц и графического материала.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090;Каширское шоссе, д. 23, г. Москва, 115522;Краснобогатырская ул., д. 2, стр. 2, Москва, 107564</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bakhtiyar I. Kazymov, Surgeon, Researcher; Assistant Professor, Department of Surgical Diseases Author's contribution: participation in experimental procedures, data collection and primary processing, participation in statistical analysis, preparation of tables and graphic materials.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090;Kashirskoe shosse, 23, Moscow, 115522;Krasnobogatyrskaya str., 2, building 2, Moscow, 107564</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-1298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аносова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anosova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аносова Екатерина Юрьевна, Врач-хирург, ассистент кафедры оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии Вклад автора: участие в хирургических процедурах, сбор клинических данных, анализ послеоперационных результатов, участие в подготовке рукописи.</p><p>ул. Островитянова, д. 1, г. Москва, 117513</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Yu. Anosova, Surgeon, Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy Author's contribution: participation in surgical procedures, clinical data collection, analysis of postoperative results, participation in manuscript preparation.</p><p>Ostrovityanova St., 1, Moscow, 117513</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-7698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свищева</surname><given-names>П. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svishcheva</surname><given-names>P. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свищева Полина Олеговна, Врач-патологоанатом Вклад автора: проведение гистологических исследований, морфологический анализ биоптатов, интерпретация патоморфологических данных, подготовка соответствующих разделов рукописи.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina O. Svischeva, Pathologist Author's contribution: conducting histological studies, morphological analysis of biopsies, interpretation of pathomorphological data, preparation of corresponding manuscript sections.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-1958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Ольга Николаевна, Д-р биол. наук, заведующая кафедрой физиологии; профессор кафедры морфологии и патологии Вклад автора: разработка методов лабораторных исследований, проведение биохимического анализа маркеров окислительного стресса и митохондриальной функции, интерпретация результатов лабораторных исследований.</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099;ул. Чапаевская, д. 227, г. Самара, 443001</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga N. Pavlova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Department of Physiology; Professor of the Department of Morphology and Pathology Author's contribution: development of laboratory research methods, conducting biochemical analysis of oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial function, interpretation of laboratory results.</p><p>Chapaevskaya St.,  89, Samara, 443099;Chapaevskaya St., 227, Samara, 443001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0057-9326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханова</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khanova</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ханова Сафия Магомедовна, Врач-клинический ординатор Вклад автора: сбор первичных данных, ведение базы данных исследования, участие в статистической обработке результатов, техническая поддержка исследования.</p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Safiya M. Khanova, Clinical Resident Author's contribution: primary data collection, maintenance of study database, participation in statistical data processing, technical research support.</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского;&#13;
Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова;&#13;
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина;&#13;
Московский медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine;&#13;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University;&#13;
National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin;&#13;
Moscow Medical University "Reaviz"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского;&#13;
Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine;&#13;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского;&#13;
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина;&#13;
Московский медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine;&#13;
National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin;&#13;
Moscow Medical University "Reaviz"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет;&#13;
Медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University;&#13;
Medical University Reaviz</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>189</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яремин Б.И., Новрузбеков М.С., Балкаров А.Г., Казымов Б.И., Аносова Е.Ю., Свищева П.О., Павлова О.Н., Ханова С.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яремин Б.И., Новрузбеков М.С., Балкаров А.Г., Казымов Б.И., Аносова Е.Ю., Свищева П.О., Павлова О.Н., Ханова С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yaremin B.I., Novruzbekov M.S., Balkarov A.G., Kazymov B.I., Anosova E.Y., Svishcheva P.O., Pavlova O.N., Khanova S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1362">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1362</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Оценка эффективности машинной перфузии в режиме гипотермической оксигенированной перфузии (HOPE) с контролируемым согреванием в снижении ишемически-реперфузионного повреждения донорской печени человека с умеренным макростеатозом путем комплексного анализа механизмов регулируемой клеточной гибели. Материалы и методы. Проспективное экспериментальное исследование 24 донорских печеней человека с макростеатозом 30–50%. Органы рандомизированы в три группы: контрольная (стандартное холодовое хранение, n=8), HOPE (гипотермическая оксигенированная перфузия при 10 °C, n=8) и HOPE+W (HOPE с контролируемым согреванием от 10 °C до 20 °C, n=8). Оценивались маркеры окислительного стресса (MDA, GSH/GSSG), апоптоза (активность каспаз-3, -7, -8, -9, высвобождение цитохрома с), функция митохондрий (продукция АТФ, дыхательная функция), воспалительный ответ (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) и клинические исходы трансплантации. Результаты. В группе HOPE+W достигнуто значительное снижение маркеров окислительного стресса: уровень MDA составил 2,8±0,4 против 5,9±0,8 нмоль/мг белка в контроле (p&lt;0,001), соотношение GSH/GSSG – 5,2±0,6 против 2,1±0,3 (p&lt;0,001). Активность каспазы-3 снижена до 0,9±0,1 против 2,4±0,3 отн.ед. в контроле (p&lt;0,001). Продукция АТФ сохранялась на уровне 18,2±2,1 против 8,4±1,2 нмоль/мг/мин в контроле (p&lt;0,001). Концентрация IL-6 в перфузате снижена до 45±7 против 124±16 пг/мл (p&lt;0,001). Пиковые АЛТ составили 524±89 против 1248±186 Ед/л в контроле (p&lt;0,001). Тромбоз печеночной артерии отсутствовал (0% против 25% в контроле, p=0,034). Выживаемость трансплантата без ретрансплантации составила 100% против 75% в контроле (p=0,045). Заключение. Гипотермическая оксигенированная перфузия с контролируемым согреванием эффективно защищает печени с умеренным макростеатозом от ишемически-реперфузионного повреждения через подавление окислительного стресса, сохранение митохондриальной функции, ингибирование апоптоза и модуляцию воспалительного ответа, что приводит к значительному улучшению ранних и среднесрочных результатов трансплантации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of machine perfusion using hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) with controlled rewarming in reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury of human donor livers with moderate macrosteatosis through comprehensive analysis of regulated cell death mechanisms. Materials and methods. Prospective experimental study of 24 human donor livers with 30-50% macrosteatosis. Organs were randomized into three groups: control (standard cold storage, n=8), HOPE (hypothermic oxygenated perfusion at 10°C, n=8), and HOPE+W (HOPE with controlled rewarming from 10°C to 20°C, n=8). Markers of oxidative stress (MDA, GSH/GSSG), apoptosis (caspase-3, -7, -8, -9 activity, cytochrome c release), mitochondrial function (ATP production, respiratory function), inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and clinical transplantation outcomes were evaluated. Results. The HOPE+W group achieved significant reduction in oxidative stress markers: MDA level was 2.8±0.4 vs 5.9±0.8 nmol/mg protein in controls (p&lt;0.001), GSH/GSSG ratio was 5.2±0.6 vs 2.1±0.3 (p&lt;0.001). Caspase-3 activity was reduced to 0.9±0.1 vs 2.4±0.3 rel.units in controls (p&lt;0.001). ATP production was maintained at 18.2±2.1 vs 8.4±1.2 nmol/mg/min in controls (p&lt;0.001). IL-6 concentration in perfusate was reduced to 45±7 vs 124±16 pg/ml (p&lt;0.001). Peak ALT levels were 524±89 vs 1248±186 U/L in controls (p&lt;0.001). Hepatic artery thrombosis was absent (0% vs 25% in controls, p=0.034). Graft survival without retransplantation was 100% vs 75% in controls (p=0.045). Conclusion. Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion with controlled rewarming effectively protects livers with moderate macrosteatosis from ischemia-reperfusion injury through suppression of oxidative stress, preservation of mitochondrial function, inhibition of apoptosis, and modulation of inflammatory response, leading to significant improvement in early and medium-term transplantation outcomes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация печени [D016031]</kwd><kwd>макростеатоз [D005234]</kwd><kwd>машинная перфузия [D010477]</kwd><kwd>гипотермическая оксигенированная перфузия [D010477]</kwd><kwd>ишемически-реперфузионное повреждение [D015427]</kwd><kwd>консервация органов [D009928]</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс [D018384]</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная дисфункция [D028361]</kwd><kwd>апоптоз [D017209]</kwd><kwd>ферроптоз [D000081946]</kwd><kwd>маргинальные доноры [D014019 (подкатегория)]</kwd><kwd>холодовая ишемия [D007511]</kwd><kwd>липидная пероксидация [D015227]</kwd><kwd>глутатион [D005978]</kwd><kwd>каспазы [D020170]</kwd><kwd>цитокины [D016207]</kwd><kwd>трансаминазы [D000410]</kwd><kwd>выживаемость трансплантата [D006085]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver transplantation [D016031]</kwd><kwd>fatty liver [D005234]</kwd><kwd>perfusion [D010477]</kwd><kwd>hypothermic oxygenated perfusion [D010477]</kwd><kwd>reperfusion injury [D015427]</kwd><kwd>organ preservation [D009928]</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress [D018384]</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial dysfunction [D028361]</kwd><kwd>apoptosis [D017209]</kwd><kwd>ferroptosis [D000081946]</kwd><kwd>marginal donors [D014019 (подкатегория)]</kwd><kwd>cold ischemia [D007511]</kwd><kwd>lipid peroxidation [D015227]</kwd><kwd>glutathione [D005978]</kwd><kwd>caspases [D020170]</kwd><kwd>cytokines [D016207]</kwd><kwd>transaminases [D000410]</kwd><kwd>graft survival [D006085]</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование поддержано грантом Московского центра инновационных технологий в здравоохранении №2312-15/22.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dutkowski P, Polak WG, Muiesan P, et al. 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