vmireavizВестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и ЗдоровьеBulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)2226-762X2782-1579РЕАВИЗ10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.6.MORPH.4vmireaviz-1382Research ArticleМОРФОЛОГИЯ, ПАТОЛОГИЯMORPHOLOGY, PATHOLOGYСовременные представления о механизмах синтеза перилимфы во внутреннем ухеModern ideas about the mechanisms of perilymph synthesis in the inner earhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6117-080XМорозоваЕ. Н.MorozovaE. N.

Морозова Елена Николаевна. Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека

ул. Победы, д. 85, корп. 10, г. Белгород, 308015

Elena N. Morozova. Cand. Sci. (Med.), Docent, Associate Professor Department of Human Anatomy and Histology

Pobedy St., 85, bldg. 10, Belgorod, 308015

tiger2910@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-3482-6775БаляноваЕ. А.BalyanovaE. A.

Балянова Екатерина Алексеевна. Студентка 2 курса, специальность «Лечебное дело»,

ул. Победы, д. 85, корп. 10, г. Белгород, 308015

Ekaterina A. Balyanova. Second-year student, General Medicine

Pobedy St., 85, bldg. 10, Belgorod, 308015

balyanovaekaterina@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-4285МорозовВ. Н.MorozovV. N.

Морозов Виталий Николаевич. Д-р мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человекаул. Победы, д. 85, корп. 10, г. Белгород, 308015

Vitaliy N. Morozov. Dr. Sci. (Med.), Docent, Associate Professor Department of Human Anatomy and Histology

Pobedy St., 85, bldg. 10, Belgorod, 308015

vitaliyymorozov85@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-1886-9708ЗаболотнаяС. В.ZabolotnayaS. V.

Заболотная Светлана Владимировна. Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человекаул. Победы, д. 85, корп. 10, г. Белгород, 308015

Svetlana V. Zabolotnaya. Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor Associate Professor, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology

Pobedy St., 85, bldg. 10, Belgorod, 308015

zabolotnaya@bsuedu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0367-5015МихайликТ. А.MichailikT. A.

Михайлик Тамара Александровна. Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человекаул. Победы, д. 85, корп. 10, г. Белгород, 308015

Tamara A. Mikhailik. Cand. Sci. (Med.), Docent, Associate Professor Department of Human Anatomy and Histology

Pobedy St., 85, bldg. 10, Belgorod, 308015

michailik@bsuedu.ruФГАОУ ВО "Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет"РоссияBelgorod State National Research UniversityRussian Federation202510032026156113120Copyright © Морозова Е.Н., Балянова Е.А., Морозов В.Н., Заболотная С.В., Михайлик Т.А., 20262026Морозова Е.Н., Балянова Е.А., Морозов В.Н., Заболотная С.В., Михайлик Т.А.Morozova E.N., Balyanova E.A., Morozov V.N., Zabolotnaya S.V., Michailik T.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1382

Целью работы явилось обобщить и систематизировать данные научной литературы, касающиеся синтеза перилимфы во внутреннем ухе. Поиск источников проведён с использованием системы по биомедицинским исследованиям Pubmed и научной электронной библиотеки Elibrary до 01.08.2025 года. Существует две основные гипотезы синтеза перилимфы. Гипотеза I – формирование перилимфы путём фильтрации плазмы крови из сосудов внутреннего уха. От лабиринтной артерии отходят артериолы, разделяющиеся на капилляры, имеющие поры для прохождения молекул, которые отфильтровываются гематолабиринтным барьером. Из-за градиента давления ионы натрия и калия, а также молекулы до 100 дальтон проходят через капилляры, образуя первичный фильтрат крови, который поступает в перилимфатическое пространство, где его клетки регулируют состав перилимфы. Перилимфа удаляется из внутреннего уха через перилимфатический проток в субарахноидальное пространство, где она смешивается с ликвором. Гипотеза II – формирование перилимфы из ликвора. Это возможно только при условии повреждения барьера, который отделяет ликвор от перилимфы в области перилимфатического протока. Такое сообщение позволяет ликвору непосредственно влиять на объём и состав перилимфы, если формирование жидкости из плазмы крови затруднено (например, при гиповолемии). Ликвор может выступать буфером ионов, если местная регуляция ионного состава нарушена, является средой, в которую выделяются продукты метаболизма из перилимфатического пространства. В настоящее время вопрос синтеза перилимфы остается изученным не до конца и для внесения полной ясности необходимы дополнительные исследования.

The aim of the work was to summarize and systematize the scientific literature data on the synthesis of perilymph in the inner ear. The search for sources was carried out using the Pubmed biomedical research system and the Elibrary scientific electronic library until 01.08.2025. There are two main hypotheses for the synthesis of perilymph. Hypothesis I. – the formation of perilymph by filtration of blood plasma from the vessels of the inner ear. Arterioles branch off from the labyrinthine artery, dividing into capillaries with pores for the passage of molecules, which are filtered out by the blood-labyrinth barrier. Due to the pressure gradient, sodium and potassium ions, as well as molecules up to 100 daltons, pass through the capillaries, forming a primary blood filtrate. It enters the perilymphatic space, where its cells regulate the composition of the perilymph. The perilymph is removed from the inner ear through the perilymphatic duct into the subarachnoid space, where it mixes with cerebrospinal fluid. Hypothesis II. – formation of perilymph from cerebrospinal fluid. This is possible only if the barrier that separates the cerebrospinal fluid from the perilymph in the area of the perilymphatic duct is damaged. Such a message allows the cerebrospinal fluid to directly affect the volume and composition of the perilymph if the formation of fluid from blood plasma is difficult (for example, with hypovolemia). Cerebrospinal fluid can act as an ion buffer if the local regulation of the ionic composition is disrupted, it is a medium into which metabolic products are released from the perilymphatic space. Currently, the issue of perilymph synthesis remains not fully understood, and additional research is needed to clarify the issue. 

внутреннее ухо [D007758]перилимфа [D010543]сосудистая полоска [D013316]гематолабиринтный барьер [D001812 (blood-Brain Barrier)*]спиральный орган [D009915]эндолимфа [D004710]ликвор [D002555]улитка [D003051]гомеостаз [D006706]ионный баланс [D007477 (Ions)]inner ear [D007758]perilymph [D010543]stria vascularis [D013316]blood-labyrinth barrier [D001812 (blood-Brain Barrier)*]organ of Corti [D009915]endolymph [D004710]cerebrospinal fluid [D002555]cochlea [D003051]homeostasis [D006706]ion balance [D007477 (Ions)]ReferencesWHO Deafness and hearing loss. In: World Health Organization [Internet]. 2018. Available: http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-lossWHO Deafness and hearing loss. In: World Health Organization [Internet]. 2018. Available: http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-lossЭргашева ЗА. Эпидемиология, патофизиология, диагностические методы и ведение болезни Меньера. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.