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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.6.MORPH.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1401</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ПАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MORPHOLOGY, PATHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синцитиальные связи нейроцитов – от полного отрицания к полному признанию?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Syncytial connections of neurocytes – from complete denial to complete recognition?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9448-8232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марков</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марков Игорь Иванович. Д-р мед. наук, профессор, советник ректора</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 227, г. Самара, 443001</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor' I. Markov. Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Advisor to the Rector</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 227, Samara, 443001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okolica63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Низаметдинова</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nizametdinova</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Низаметдинова Динара Рустамовна. Старший преподаватель кафедры морфологии и патологии</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 227, г. Самара, 443001</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara R. Nizametdinova. Senior Lecturer, Department of Morphology and Pathology</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 227, Samara, 443001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dinaranizametdinova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет «Реавиз»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Medical University "Reaviz"<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марков И.И., Низаметдинова Д.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марков И.И., Низаметдинова Д.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markov I.I., Nizametdinova D.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1401">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1401</self-uri><abstract><p>Теория всеобщей синцитиальной связи в XIX веке поддерживалась практически всеми нейрогистологами. У неё были привлекательные и удобные объяснения, и она декларировала модульное функционирование нейроцитов. Так почему же она затем была полностью отвергнута и заменена нейронной доктриной? Главное в том, что не удалось объяснить причины появления и установить закономерности развития синцитиальных межнейронных и межнейритных связей и, тем более, доказать их функциональную целесообразность. Более того, все работы основоположника нейронной доктрины Рамана-и-Кахаля и его последователей были выполнены с использованием хромово-серебряного метода Гольджи. Он позволяет получить гиперимпрегнированные картины нервных структур, скрывающие тонкие межнейронные синцитиальные связи. Они были выявлены среди сложных арборизаций на иллюстрациях в монографиях Рамона-и-Кахаля с помощью метода компьютерного демаскирования. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The theory of universal synthetic communication in the 19th century was supported by almost all neurohistologists. The theory had attractive and convenient explanations and declared the modular functioning of neurocytes. So why was it later completely rejected and replaced by the neural doctrine? The main thing is that it was not possible to explain the causes of the appearance and establish patterns of development of syncytial interneuronal and interneuritic connections. And even more so, to prove their functional feasibility. Moreover, all the works of the founder of the neural doctrine Santiago Ramén y Cajal and his followers were performed using the chrome-silver Golgi's method. It allows us to obtain hyperimpregnated pictures of neural structures that hide subtle interneuronal syncytial connections. They were identified among the complex arborizations in the illustrations in the monographs of Ramén y Cajal using the method of computer unmasking. A review of the literature will provide an objective insight into the ongoing discussion about syncytial connections in the nervous system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синцитиальные связи [G02.111.158]</kwd><kwd>Gap Junctions [A11.284.430.214.190.875.300]</kwd><kwd>межнейронные комиссуры [A08.663]</kwd><kwd>Neural Pathways [A08.186.211.730.385]</kwd><kwd>энтеральная нервная система [A08.800.050.050.925]</kwd><kwd>нейронная доктрина [A08.663]</kwd><kwd>History of Medicine [N06.850.460]</kwd><kwd>ретикулярная теория [N06.850.460]</kwd><kwd>Nerve Net [A08.186.211.730.385.800]</kwd><kwd>синапсы [A08.663.358.800]</kwd><kwd>нейроны [A08.663]</kwd><kwd>цитоплазматические анастомозы [G02.111.158]</kwd><kwd>Cytoplasm [A11.284.149]</kwd><kwd>дикарионы [G02.111.158.180]</kwd><kwd>Multinucleated Giant Cells [A11.329.629]</kwd><kwd>щелевые контакты [A11.284.430.214.190.875.300]</kwd><kwd>Рамон-и-Кахаль [N06.850.460.350]</kwd><kwd>History of Medicine</kwd><kwd>20th Cent. [N06.850.460.400]</kwd><kwd>Гольджи [N06.850.460.350]</kwd><kwd>History of Medicine</kwd><kwd>20th Cent. [N06.850.460.400] Догель [N06.850.460.350]</kwd><kwd>нейрогистология [E01.390]</kwd><kwd>Nervous System [A08]</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия [E01.370.350.515.402]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>syncytial connections / Cell Communication [G02.111.158]</kwd><kwd>Gap Junctions [A11.284.430.214.190.875.300]</kwd><kwd>interneuronal commissures / Neurons [A08.663]</kwd><kwd>Neural Pathways [A08.186.211.730.385]</kwd><kwd>enteric nervous system / Enteric Nervous System [A08.800.050.050.925]</kwd><kwd>neuron doctrine / Neurons [A08.663]</kwd><kwd>History of Medicine [N06.850.460]</kwd><kwd>reticular theory / History of Medicine [N06.850.460]</kwd><kwd>Nerve Net [A08.186.211.730.385.800]</kwd><kwd>synapses / Synapses [A08.663.358.800]</kwd><kwd>neurons / Neurons [A08.663]</kwd><kwd>cytoplasmic anastomoses / Cell Communication [G02.111.158]</kwd><kwd>Cytoplasm [A11.284.149]</kwd><kwd>dikaryons / Cell Fusion [G02.111.158.180]</kwd><kwd>Multinucleated Giant Cells [A11.329.629]</kwd><kwd>gap junctions / Gap Junctions [A11.284.430.214.190.875.300]</kwd><kwd>Ramón y Cajal / History of Medicine</kwd><kwd>19th Cent. [N06.850.460.350]</kwd><kwd>History of Medicine</kwd><kwd>20th Cent. [N06.850.460.400]</kwd><kwd>Golgi / History of Medicine</kwd><kwd>19th Cent. [N06.850.460.350]</kwd><kwd>History of Medicine</kwd><kwd>20th Cent. [N06.850.460.400] Dogiel / History of Medicine</kwd><kwd>19th Cent. [N06.850.460.350]</kwd><kwd>neurohistology / Histology [E01.390]</kwd><kwd>Nervous System [A08]</kwd><kwd>electron microscopy / Microscopy</kwd><kwd>Electron [E01.370.350.515.402]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якубович Н.М. Заметки о тончайшем строении черепного и спинного мозга / Н.М. Якубович // Военно-мед. журн. – 1857. – Ч. 70. - № 2. – с. 35 – 47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1 Yakubovich N.M. Zametki o tonchayshem stroyenii cherepnogo i spinnogo mozga. Voyenno-med. zhurn. 1857;70(2):35–47. 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