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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.5.CLIN.12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1428</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика и особенности лечения лёгочного кровотечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-8645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимирова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимирова Елизавета Семеновна, д-р мед. наук, научный консультант отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии, </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Vladimirova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Scientific Consultant, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VladimirovaES@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-5367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черноусов</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernousov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черноусов Федор Александрович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения  неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии, </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedor A. Chernousov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Leading Researcher, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care, </p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ChernousovFA@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-4890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котаджян</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotandzhan</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котаджян Вазген Гагиевич, заведующий торако-абдоминальным отделением, </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vazgen G. Kotadzhyan, Head of the Thoraco-Abdominal Department, </p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KotanjianVG@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1994-2052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гасанов Али Магомедович, д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения отделения неотложной хирургии, эндоскопии и интенсивной терапии, </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ali M. Gasanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Department of Emergency Surgery, Endoscopy, and Intensive Care,</p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GasanovA.M@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2690-7378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бармина</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barmina</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бармина Татьяна Генадьевна, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения лучевой диагностики, </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana G. Barmina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of Radiology, </p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BarminaTG@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-5604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крамаренко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kramarenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крамаренко Анатолий Игоревич, младший научный сотрудник отделения рентгенхирургических методов диагностики и лечения, </p><p>Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoliy I. Kramarenko, Junior Researcher, Department of X-ray Surgical Diagnostic and Treatment Methods, </p><p>Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KramarenkoAI@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Владимирова Е.С., Черноусов Ф.А., Котаджян В.Г., Гасанов А.М., Бармина Т.Г., Крамаренко А.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Владимирова Е.С., Черноусов Ф.А., Котаджян В.Г., Гасанов А.М., Бармина Т.Г., Крамаренко А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vladimirova E.S., Chernousov F.A., Kotandzhan V.G., Gasanov A.M., Barmina T.G., Kramarenko A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1428">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1428</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Лёгочное кровотечение (ЛК) представляет сложную проблему при различных заболеваниях лёгких. Учитывая высокий уровень смертности (70%) до применения эмболизации, ЛК требует быстрой оценки и стабилизации состояния, защиты дыхательных путей с определением источника кровотечения для радикального вмешательства.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: выявление причин лёгочных кровотечений с определением источника и оценкой методов лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Объект и методы</title><p>Объект и методы. В исследование включены 132 поступивших пациента и 17 переведённых в институт с лёгочным кровотечением различной этиологии, госпитализированных в реанимацию (11 человек), торакальное отделение (138 человек), потребовавших диагностики и оказания различной неотложной помощи (ангиографии, эмболизации, ФБС, бронхоблокации, стенирования бронхов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показаны проявления ЛК при различной патологии, проведена диагностика и лечение. Для определения степени тяжести ЛК взята классификация Григорьева Е.Г. (1А, 1Б, 1В, 2А, 2Б, 3А, 3Б). Основным методом диагностики ЛК явились компьютерная томография с внутривенным болюсным контрастным усилением, ФБС, эзофагоскопия, на основании которых и данных клинической картины определена тактика лечения. Оказание неотложной помощи было основано на результатах обследования, включая ангиографию и использование для лечения эндоскопических, миниинвазивных методов (ангиографию, эмболизацию бронхиальных и других артерий, стентирования аорты) и консервативного ведения. Показанием к проведению ангиографии и необходимости выполнения эндоваскулярной эмболизации для пациентов с лёгким или умеренным кровохарканьем явилось кровотечение, не поддававшееся консервативному ведению. Прогноз ЛК зависит от ряда факторов, включая быстроту диагностики и ЭБА, при необходимости проведения бронхоблокации с учётом общего состояния пациента и наличия сопутствующих заболеваний. При неэффективности ЭБА необходим ангиографический поиск с целью выявления дополнительных источников, небронхиальных артерий.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. При ЛК малой и средней интенсивности лечение основано на комплексной диагностике и раннем выявлении ЛК путём ангиографии ЭБА. В случаях массивных ЛК целесообразно выполнять бронхоблокацию в комплексном ведении, а при неэффективности ЭБА необходим ангиографический поиск с целью выявления дополнительных источников кровотечения: небронхиальных артерий. Обеспечение временного гемостаза является целесообразным, чтобы избежать экстренной операции. Высокий рецидив ЛК (50%) и рецидив ЛК (10%) после экстренной эмболизации и эмболизации в анамнезе диктуют необходимость выполнения ЭБА во всех случаях, дополнительный ангиографический поиск, а в последующем проведение лечения патологического процесса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) presents a complex challenge in various lung diseases. Given the high mortality rate (70%) prior to the introduction of embolization, PH requires rapid assessment and stabilization, airway protection, and identification of the bleeding source for definitive intervention.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To identify the causes of pulmonary hemorrhage, determine the bleeding source, and evaluate treatment methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The study included 132 patients admitted and 17 patients transferred to the institute with pulmonary hemorrhage of various etiologies, hospitalized in the intensive care unit (11 patients) and thoracic surgery department (138 patients), requiring diagnosis and various emergency interventions (angiography, embolization, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, bronchial occlusion, bronchial stenting).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Manifestations of PH in various pathologies were demonstrated, and diagnosis and treatment were performed. The Grigoryev E.G. classification (1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B) was used to determine PH severity. The primary diagnostic methods for PH were computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast enhancement, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy, based on which, along with clinical presentation data, treatment strategy was determined. Emergency care was based on examination results, including angiography, and utilized endoscopic and minimally invasive treatment methods (angiography, embolization of bronchial and other arteries, aortic stenting) as well as conservative management. The indication for angiography and endovascular embolization in patients with mild or moderate hemoptysis was bleeding unresponsive to conservative management. The prognosis of PH depends on several factors, including the speed of diagnosis and bronchial artery embolization (BAE), the need for bronchial occlusion, considering the patient's general condition and presence of comorbidities. When BAE is ineffective, angiographic investigation is necessary to identify additional sources, specifically non-bronchial arteries.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. In mild to moderate PH, treatment is based on comprehensive diagnosis and early detection of PH through angiography and BAE. In cases of massive PH, bronchial occlusion should be performed as part of comprehensive management, and when BAE is ineffective, angiographic investigation is necessary to identify additional bleeding sources: non-bronchial arteries. Temporary hemostasis is advisable to avoid emergency surgery. The high recurrence rate of PH (50%) and PH recurrence (10%) after emergency embolization and previous embolization necessitate performing BAE in all cases, additional angiographic investigation, and subsequent treatment of the underlying pathological process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лёгочное кровотечение [D011650]</kwd><kwd>кровохарканье [D006469]</kwd><kwd>эмболизация бронхиальных артерий [D004621]</kwd><kwd>бронхиальные артерии [D001981]</kwd><kwd>бронхоскопия [D001999]</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография [D014057]</kwd><kwd>ангиография [D000792]</kwd><kwd>бронхоэктатическая болезнь [D001987]</kwd><kwd>рак лёгкого [D008175]</kwd><kwd>стентирование дыхательных путей [D015607]</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная окклюзия [D001991]</kwd><kwd>интервенционная радиология [D015642]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulmonary hemorrhage [D011650]</kwd><kwd>hemoptysis [D006469]</kwd><kwd>bronchial artery embolization [D004621]</kwd><kwd>bronchial arteries [D001981]</kwd><kwd>bronchoscopy [D001999]</kwd><kwd>computed tomography [D014057]</kwd><kwd>angiography [D000792]</kwd><kwd>bronchiectasis [D001987]</kwd><kwd>lung neoplasms [D008175]</kwd><kwd>airway stenting [D015607]</kwd><kwd>bronchial occlusion [D001991]</kwd><kwd>interventional radiology [D015642]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перельман М.И. 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