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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.6.CLIN.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1434</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хирургическое лечение вторичного гиперпаратиреоза у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек 5Д стадии: патоморфологическое обоснование объема и техники операций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5D: pathomorphological rationale for the extent and technique of operations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-6664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоконев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belokonev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоконев Владимир Иванович. Д-р мед. наук, заслуженный врач РФ, профессор кафедры хирургических болезней детей и взрослых</p><p>ул. Чапаевская д. 89, г. Самара, 443099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Belokonev. Dr. Sci. (Med.), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Professor, Department of Surgical Diseases of Children and Adults</p><p>Chapaevskaya st., 89, Samara, 443099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belokonev63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5708-0273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галстян</surname><given-names>Н. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galstyan</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галстян Нарек Эдуардович. Ассистент кафедры хирургических болезней детей и взрослых</p><p>ул. Чапаевская д. 89, г. Самара, 443099</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Narek E. Galstyan. Assistant Professor, Department of Surgical Diseases of Children and Adults</p><p>Chapaevskaya st., 89, Samara, 443099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belokonev63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7713-4926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономарева Юлия Вячеславовна  Д-р мед. наук; директор ООО «АРТБИО»</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 227, г. Самара, 443001</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya V. Ponomareva. Dr. Sci. (Med.); Director of ARTBIO LLC</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 227, Samara, 443001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivponomareva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет «Реавиз»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Medical University "Reaviz"<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белоконев В.И., Галстян Н.Э., Пономарева Ю.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белоконев В.И., Галстян Н.Э., Пономарева Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belokonev V.I., Galstyan N.E., Ponomareva Y.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1434">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1434</self-uri><abstract><p>Вторичный гиперпаратиреоз (ВГПТ) является тяжёлым осложнением у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП) 5Д стадии, получающих программный гемодиализ. Сопутствующая патология щитовидной железы встречается у 83–86% пациентов с ВГПТ, что требует комплексного хирургического подхода. Выбор техники и объёма оперативного вмешательства остаётся предметом дискуссий. </p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: улучшить результаты хирургического лечения вторичного гиперпаратиреоза у пациентов с ХБП 5Д стадии путём патоморфологического обоснования объёма и техники выполнения оперативных вмешательств с учётом сопутствующих заболеваний щитовидной железы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведён анализ лечения 130 пациентов с ХБП 5Д стадией и ВГПТ (54 мужчины, 76 женщин; соотношение 1:1,41). Пациенты были разделены на две группы: группа 1 (n=74) – паратиреоидэктомия (ПТЭ) при ревизии всех возможных зон расположения околощитовидных желез (ОЩЖ) в сочетании с тиреоидэктомией; группа 2 (n=56) – ПТЭ без вмешательств на щитовидной железе, включая подгруппу 2а (n=47) – ПТЭ с широкой ревизией, и подгруппу 2б (n=9) – селективная ПТЭ из малоинвазивных доступов. Проводились лабораторные исследования (Са, Р, иПТГ, гормоны щитовидной железы), инструментальная диагностика (УЗИ, сцинтиграфия с ⁹⁹ᵐTc-пертехнетатом и ⁹⁹ᵐTc-технетрилом, КТ), патоморфологическое исследование удалённых тканей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Уровень иПТГ до операции составил 2396,76 (1440,90; 2500,00) пг/мл, что в 10–20 раз превышает целевые значения. При УЗИ узловые образования в щитовидной железе выявлены у 83,1% пациентов. В группе 1 хорошие результаты достигнуты у 97,3% пациентов, рецидив – у 2,7% (эктопические ОЩЖ). В группе 2а хорошие результаты – у 91,5%, в подгруппе 2б – только у 44,4%, рецидивы – у 55,6% (р&lt;0,001). Патоморфологически выявлены: аденомы ОЩЖ – 16,5%, диффузная гиперплазия – 29,5%, диффузно-узловая гиперплазия – 51,6%. Диффузно-узловая гиперплазия развивается у пациентов с длительностью диализного анамнеза 10,44±4,00 года и рефрактерна к медикаментозной терапии. В щитовидной железе обнаружены: коллоидный зоб – 86,5%, диффузный токсический зоб – 2,7%, аутоиммунный тиреоидит – 15,6%, папиллярный рак – 2,7%. Выводы. Комплексная диагностика с использованием определения иПТГ, УЗИ, сцинтиграфии и интраоперационной ревизии всех возможных зон расположения ОЩЖ позволяет достичь целевого уровня иПТГ у 97,3% пациентов при сочетании с тиреоидэктомией и у 91,5% при изолированной ПТЭ с широкой ревизией. Селективная ПТЭ из малоинвазивных доступов приводит к рецидиву в 55,6% случаев. Развитие диффузно-узловой гиперплазии ОЩЖ при длительности диализа 6–14 лет указывает на необходимость раннего хирургического вмешательства при появлении клинических проявлений ВГПТ. Высокая частота сопутствующей патологии щитовидной железы (83,1%) требует тщательной предоперационной диагностики и готовности к выполнению тиреоидэктомии. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a severe complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5D receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Concomitant thyroid pathology occurs in 83-86% of patients with SHPT, requiring a comprehensive surgical approach. The choice of technique and extent of surgical intervention remains controversial.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To improve the outcomes of surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD stage 5D through pathomorphological justification of the extent and technique of surgical interventions, considering concomitant thyroid diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. Treatment analysis of 130 patients with CKD stage 5D and SHPT (54 men, 76 women; ratio 1:1.41) was conducted. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=74): parathyroidectomy (PTX) with revision of all possible locations of parathyroid glands (PG) combined with thyroidectomy. Group 2 (n=56): PTX without thyroid intervention, including subgroup 2a (n=47) – PTX with extensive revision, and subgroup 2b (n=9) – selective PTX via minimally invasive approaches. Laboratory tests (Ca, P, iPTH, thyroid hormones), instrumental diagnostics (ultrasound, scintigraphy with ⁹⁹ᵐTc-pertechnetate and ⁹⁹ᵐTc-sestamibi, CT), and pathomorphological examination of removed tissues were performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Preoperative iPTH level was 2396.76 (1440.90; 2500.00) pg/ml, 10-20 times higher than target values. Ultrasound revealed thyroid nodules in 83.1% of patients. In Group 1, good results were achieved in 97.3% of patients, recurrence in 2.7% (ectopic PG). In Group 2a, good results were observed in 91.5%, in subgroup 2b – only in 44.4%, recurrences – in 55.6% (p&lt;0.001). Pathomorphologically identified: PG adenomas – 16.5%, diffuse hyperplasia – 29.5%, diffuse-nodular hyperplasia – 51.6%. Diffuse-nodular hyperplasia develops in patients with dialysis duration of 10.44±4.00 years and is refractory to medical therapy. Thyroid pathology included: colloid goiter – 86.5%, toxic diffuse goiter – 2.7%, autoimmune thyroiditis – 15.6%, papillary cancer – 2.7%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Comprehensive diagnostics using iPTH determination, ultrasound, scintigraphy, and intraoperative revision of all possible PG locations achieves target iPTH levels in 97.3% of patients when combined with thyroidectomy and in 91.5% with isolated PTX with extensive revision. Selective PTX via minimally invasive approaches results in recurrence in 55.6% of cases. Development of diffuse-nodular PG hyperplasia with dialysis duration of 6-14 years indicates the need for early surgical intervention upon appearance of clinical manifestations of SHPT. High frequency of concomitant thyroid pathology (83.1%) requires thorough preoperative diagnostics and readiness to perform thyroidectomy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вторичный гиперпаратиреоз [D006962]</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек /[D051436]</kwd><kwd>паратиреоидэктомия [D016105]</kwd><kwd>заболевания щитовидной железы [D013959]</kwd><kwd>гемодиализ [D006435]</kwd><kwd>патоморфология [D010336]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>secondary hyperparathyroidism / Hyperparathyroidism</kwd><kwd>Secondary [D006962]</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease / Renal Insufficiency</kwd><kwd>Chronic [D051436]</kwd><kwd>parathyroidectomy / Parathyroidectomy [D016105]</kwd><kwd>thyroid diseases / Thyroid Diseases [D013959]</kwd><kwd>hemodialysis / Renal Dialysis [D006435]</kwd><kwd>pathomorphology / Pathology [D010336]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А., Мокрышева Н.Г. 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