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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.6.MORPH.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1438</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ПАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MORPHOLOGY, PATHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение искусственного интеллекта для анализа анатомии верхнечелюстной артерии: систематический обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of artificial intelligence to analyze the anatomy of the maxillary artery: a systematic review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-7655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немсцверидзе</surname><given-names>Я. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemstsveridze</surname><given-names>Ya. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Немсцверидзе Яков Элгуджович. Аспирант, ; специалист научно-инновационного отдела; врач-стоматолог, врач-клинический ординатор кафедры ортопедической стоматологии</p><p>ул. Чкалова, д. 100, г. Самара, 443030</p><p>ул. Профсоюзная, д. 27, к. 2, г. Москва, 117418</p><p>Щепкина ул., д. 61/2, г. Москва, 129110</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakov E. Nemstsveridze. Postgraduate Student; Specialist, Research and Innovation Departmen; Dentist, Clinical Resident, Department of Orthopedic Dentistry</p><p>Chapaevskaya st., 227, Samara, 443030</p><p>Profsoyuznaya st., 27, bldg. 2, Moscow, 117418</p><p>Shchepkina st., 61/2, Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9187751@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супильников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Supilnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Супильников Алексей Александрович. Канд. мед. наук, доцент, первый проректор по научной деятельности</p><p>ул. Чкалова, д. 100, г. Самара, 443030</p><p>ул. Профсоюзная, д. 27, к. 2, г. Москва, 117418</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey A. Supilnikov. Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, First Vicerector for Scientific Activity</p><p>Chapaevskaya st., 227, Samara, 443030</p><p>Profsoyuznaya st., 27, bldg. 2, Moscow, 117418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.a.supilnikov@reaviz.online</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-1298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аносова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anosova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аносова Екатерина Юрьевна. Врач-хирург</p><p>Абрикосовский пер., д. 2, г. Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Yu. Anosova. Surgeon</p><p>Abrikosovsky Lane, 2, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2548-8044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русских</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Russkikh</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Русских Андрей Николаевич. Д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии</p><p>ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, г. Красноярск, 660022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Russkikh. Dr. Sci. (Med.), Docent, Head of the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy</p><p>ul. Partizana Zheleznyaka, 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chegevara-84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6163-3562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорожкина</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorozhkina</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дорожкина Екатерина Дмитриевна.  Студент 5 курса лечебного факультета</p><p>ул. Чкалова, д. 100, г. Самара, 443030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Dmitrievna Dorozhkina. Fifth-year student, Faculty of General Medicine</p><p>Chapaevskaya st., 227, Samara, 443030</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dorozhkina_ekaterina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет «Реавиз»; Московский медицинский университет «Реавиз»; Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical University "Reaviz"; Moscow Medical University"Reaviz"; M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет «Реавиз»; Московский медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical University "Reaviz"; Moscow Medical University"Reaviz"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>B.V. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical University "Reaviz"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Немсцверидзе Я.Э., Супильников А.А., Аносова Е.Ю., Русских А.Н., Дорожкина Е.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Немсцверидзе Я.Э., Супильников А.А., Аносова Е.Ю., Русских А.Н., Дорожкина Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nemstsveridze Y.E., Supilnikov A.A., Anosova E.Y., Russkikh A.N., Dorozhkina E.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1438">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1438</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Верхнечелюстная артерия представляет собой крупнейшую конечную ветвь наружной сонной артерии, характеризующуюся высокой степенью анатомической вариабельности и сложной пространственной конфигурацией. Точное понимание её анатомии имеет критическое значение для церебральной реваскуляризации, эндоваскулярных вмешательств и хирургии основания черепа. Традиционный ручной анализ ангиографических изображений требует значительных временны́х затрат и характеризуется существенной межоператорской вариабельностью. Методы искусственного интеллекта демонстрируют многообещающие результаты в автоматизации анализа сложных сосудистых структур, однако систематической оценки их применимости к верхнечелюстной артерии до настоящего времени проведено не было. Цель исследования: систематически оценить существующие методы искусственного интеллекта для анализа анатомии верхнечелюстной артерии и родственных сосудистых структур головы и шеи, определить текущий уровень технологии и обозначить направления будущих исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Систематический обзор проведён в соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA 2020. Комплексный поиск литературы осуществлялся в электронных базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и IEEE Xplore от начала индексации до декабря 2024 года. Критерии включения охватывали оригинальные исследования, применяющие машинное или глубокое обучение для анализа артерий головы и шеи. Оценка качества проводилась с использованием инструментов QUADAS-2 и специализированного контрольного перечня для исследований искусственного интеллекта в медицинской визуализации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Из 4258 идентифицированных публикаций 34 исследования соответствовали критериям включения. Наиболее часто применяемой архитектурой оказалась U-Net и её модификации (58,8% исследований). Средний коэффициент Дайса для сегментации сосудов составил 0,87 (95% доверительный интервал: 0,84–0,91). Методы искусственного интеллекта сократили время анализа с 14,2±3,6 минут до 4,9±0,4 минут. Клиническая приемлемость автоматизированных сегментаций составила 92,1%. Специфических исследований верхнечелюстной артерии обнаружено не было; все данные экстраполированы из исследований каротидных и интракраниальных артерий.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Методы глубокого обучения демонстрируют высокую точность в автоматизированном анализе сосудистой анатомии головы и шеи. Применение этих методов к верхнечелюстной артерии представляет перспективное направление для предоперационного планирования церебральных обходных анастомозов, эндоваскулярных вмешательств и анатомического образования. Существует критическая необходимость в проведении специфических исследований с акцентом на уникальные технические вызовы, связанные с малым калибром, сложной траекторией и высокой вариабельностью этой структуры. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The maxillary artery represents the largest terminal branch of the external carotid artery, characterized by a high degree of anatomical variability and complex spatial configuration. Precise understanding of its anatomy is critically important for cerebral revascularization, endovascular interventions, and skull base surgery. Traditional manual analysis of angiographic images requires significant time investment and is characterized by substantial inter-operator variability. Artificial intelligence methods demonstrate promising results in automating the analysis of complex vascular structures; however, no systematic evaluation of their applicability to the maxillary artery has been conducted to date.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To systematically evaluate existing artificial intelligence methods for analyzing the anatomy of the maxillary artery and related vascular structures of the head and neck, determine the current state of the technology, and identify directions for future research.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed in electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore from inception through December 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed original studies applying machine learning or deep learning for analysis of head and neck arteries. Quality assessment was performed using QUADAS-2 tools and a specialized checklist for artificial intelligence studies in medical imaging.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Of 4,258 identified publications, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently applied architecture was U-Net and its modifications (58.8% of studies). The mean Dice coefficient for vessel segmentation was 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.84-0.91). Artificial intelligence methods reduced analysis time from 14.2±3.6 minutes to 4.9±0.4 minutes. Clinical acceptability of automated segmentations was 92.1%. No specific studies of the maxillary artery were identified; all data were extrapolated from studies of carotid and intracranial arteries.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Deep learning methods demonstrate high accuracy in automated analysis of head and neck vascular anatomy. Application of these methods to the maxillary artery represents a promising direction for preoperative planning of cerebral bypass anastomoses, endovascular interventions, and anatomical education. There is a critical need for specific studies focusing on unique technical challenges associated with the small caliber, complex trajectory, and high variability of this structure. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>верхнечелюстная артерия [D008442]</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект [D001185]</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение [D000069550]</kwd><kwd>сегментация сосудов [D000067493 (Image Processing</kwd><kwd>Computer-Assisted)]</kwd><kwd>ангиография [D000792]</kwd><kwd>церебральная реваскуляризация [D002560 (Cerebrovascular Circulation)]</kwd><kwd>наружная сонная артерия [D002339]</kwd><kwd>медицинская визуализация [D003952 (Diagnostic Imaging)]</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети [D016571]</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение [D000069550]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>maxillary artery [D008442]</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence [D001185]</kwd><kwd>deep learning [D000069550]</kwd><kwd>vessel segmentation [D000067493 (Image Processing</kwd><kwd>Computer-Assisted)]</kwd><kwd>angiography [D000792]</kwd><kwd>cerebral revascularization [D002560 (Cerebrovascular Circulation)]</kwd><kwd>external carotid artery [D002339]</kwd><kwd>medical imaging [D003952 (Diagnostic Imaging)]</kwd><kwd>neural networks [D016571]</kwd><kwd>machine learning [D000069550]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Standring S, editor. 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