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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2025.5.TX.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Донорство и трансплантация органов и тканей</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Organ and tissue donation and transplantation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Беременность после трансплантации печени (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pregnancy after liver transplantation (Literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-8268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабкина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babkina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабкина Анна Васильевна, д-р мед. наук, доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов, Рахмановский пер., д. 3, г. Москва, 127994;</p><p>врач отделения острых гинекологических заболеваний, Большая Сухаревская пл., д. 3, г. Москва, 129090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Babkina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Rakhmanovsky per., 3, Moscow, 127994;</p><p>Physician, Department of Acute Gynecological Diseases, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, 3, Moscow, 129090</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1739-022X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гергерт</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gegert</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гергерт Эвелина Витальевна, cтудентка 6 курса лечебного факультета, </p><p>Рахмановский пер., д. 3, г. Москва, 127994</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evelina V. Gergert, Sixth-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, </p><p>Rakhmanovsky per., 3, Moscow, 127994</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evelina.gergert@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины;&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine;&#13;
Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>224</fpage><lpage>231</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабкина А.В., Гергерт Э.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабкина А.В., Гергерт Э.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babkina A.V., Gegert E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1452">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1452</self-uri><abstract><p>Трансплантация печени является радикальным методом лечения терминальной печёночной недостаточности. Улучшение результатов трансплантации привело к увеличению числа женщин репродуктивного возраста с функционирующим трансплантатом, что определяет актуальность проблемы беременности у данной категории пациенток. Беременность после трансплантации печени сопряжена с повышенными рисками как для матери, так и для плода, включая осложнения, связанные с иммуносупрессивной терапией, дисфункцией трансплантата и развитием сопутствующих заболеваний.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: анализ случаев беременности у женщин после трансплантации печени, оценка современных исследований и международных рекомендаций для пациенток фертильного возраста после трансплантации печени, выявление и систематизация факторов риска, влияющих на течение беременности и состояние здоровья матери и плода.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведён поиск литературы в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary.ru, Google Scholar за период 2014–2025 гг. по ключевым словам: liver transplantation, pregnancy, pregnancy outcome, immunosuppressive therapy, rejection, preeclampsia. Критериями включения были оригинальные исследования, систематические обзоры, метаанализы, клинические наблюдения и практические рекомендации профессиональных сообществ. Критериями исключения служили публикации без доступа к полному тексту и дублирующие данные. Всего проанализировано 36 источников.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Согласно данным литературы, частота живорождений после трансплантации печени составляет 70–80%, однако показатели преждевременных родов (30–40%), преэклампсии (12–15%) и кесарева сечения (40–50%) значительно превышают таковые в общей популяции. Риск отторжения трансплантата во время беременности составляет 3–10%. Основными материнскими осложнениями являются гестационная гипертензия, преэклампсия, гестационный сахарный диабет и инфекционные осложнения. Со стороны плода наиболее частыми осложнениями являются задержка внутриутробного развития, недоношенность и низкая масса тела при рождении. Международные рекомендации подчёркивают необходимость планирования беременности не ранее чем через 1–2 года после трансплантации при стабильной функции трансплантата и отсутствии эпизодов отторжения, а также коррекции иммуносупрессивной терапии на безопасные для беременности препараты. Основными препаратами выбора являются такролимус и циклоспорин, в то время как микофенолата мофетил должен быть заменён на азатиоприн не менее чем за 6 недель до планируемого зачатия. Ведение беременности требует тщательного мультидисциплинарного мониторинга с участием трансплантолога, акушера-гинеколога высокого риска и неонатолога.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Беременность после трансплантации печени представляет собой сложный процесс, требующий мультидисциплинарного подхода и тщательного мониторинга. Несмотря на улучшение прогноза, беременность в таких случаях сопряжена с повышенными рисками. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для оптимизации методов ведения беременности, разработки стратегий по снижению риска отторжения трансплантата и минимизации осложнений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Liver transplantation is a radical treatment for end-stage liver disease. Improved transplantation outcomes have led to an increasing number of women of reproductive age with functioning grafts, making pregnancy after liver transplantation an important clinical issue. Pregnancy following liver transplantation is associated with increased risks for both mother and fetus, including complications related to immunosuppressive therapy, graft dysfunction, and comorbidities.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyze pregnancy cases in women after liver transplantation, evaluate current research and international guidelines for patients of reproductive age following liver transplantation, and identify risk factors affecting pregnancy outcomes and maternal-fetal health.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary.ru, and Google Scholar databases for the period 2014-2025 using keywords: liver transplantation, pregnancy, pregnancy outcome, immunosuppressive therapy, rejection, preeclampsia. Inclusion criteria were original studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical cases, and professional society guidelines. Exclusion criteria included publications without full-text access and duplicate data. A total of 36 sources were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. According to literature data, live birth rates after liver transplantation range from seventy to eighty percent, however rates of preterm delivery (thirty to forty percent), preeclampsia (twelve to fifteen percent), and cesarean section (forty to fifty percent) significantly exceed those in the general population. Risk of graft rejection during pregnancy is three to ten percent. Major maternal complications include gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and infectious complications. Most common fetal complications are intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, and low birth weight. International guidelines emphasize the need for pregnancy planning no earlier than one to two years post-transplantation with stable graft function and absence of rejection episodes, as well as adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy to pregnancy-safe medications. Primary drugs of choice are tacrolimus and cyclosporine, while mycophenolate mofetil should be replaced with azathioprine at least six weeks before planned conception. Pregnancy management requires careful multidisciplinary monitoring involving a transplant surgeon, high-risk obstetrician, and neonatologist.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Pregnancy after liver transplantation is a complex process requiring a multidisciplinary approach and careful monitoring. Despite improved prognosis, pregnancy in these cases carries increased risks. Further research is needed to optimize pregnancy management, develop strategies to reduce graft rejection risk, and minimize complications.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность [D011247]</kwd><kwd>исход беременности [D011256]</kwd><kwd>трансплантация печени [D016031]</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессивная терапия [D007165]</kwd><kwd>факторы риска [D012307]</kwd><kwd>отторжение трансплантата [D006084]</kwd><kwd>преэклампсия [D011225]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy [D011247]</kwd><kwd>pregnancy outcome [D011256]</kwd><kwd>liver transplantation [D016031]</kwd><kwd>immunosuppressive therapy [D007165]</kwd><kwd>risk factors [D012307]</kwd><kwd>graft rejection [D006084]</kwd><kwd>pre-eclampsia [D011225]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Готье С.В., Хомяков С.М. 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