<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2026.1.CLIN.12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1512</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современная тактика лечения пациентов с неварикозным кровотечением из верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта на заместительной почечной терапии: результаты двухцентрового ретроспективного исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Management of upper non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on renal replacement therapy: a two-center retrospective study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-1677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведчиков-Ардия</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedchikov-Ardiia</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медведчиков-Ардия Михаил Александрович, Д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий операционным блоком №8, врач-хирург; доцент кафедры хирургии с курсом сердечнососудистой хирургии ИПО</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия</p><p>ул. Полевая, д. 80, г. Самара, 443096, Россия </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Medvedchikov-Ardiya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Docent, Head of Operating Unit No. 8, Surgeon; Associate Professor, Department of Surgery with a Course in Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Education</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia </p><p>Polevaya St., 80, Samara, 443096, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">medvedchikov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9732-5212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корымасов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korymasov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корымасов Евгений Анатольевич,Д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой хирургии с курсом сердечно-сосудистой хирургии ИПО</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy A. Korymasov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Surgery with a Course in Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Education</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korymasov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7459-8925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвиенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matvienko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матвиенко Владислав Андреевич, Врач-хирург хирургического отделения №7</p><p>ул. Полевая, д. 80, г. Самара, 443096, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav A. Matvienko, Surgeon, Surgical Department No. 7</p><p>Polevaya St., 80, Samara, 443096, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drmatvienkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-1185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колесников Владимир Владимирович, Д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры хирургии с курсом сердечнососудистой хирургии; врач-хирург ВК и БМД</p><p>Бульвар Здоровья, д. 25, г. Тольятти, 445039, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Kolesnikov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Surgery with a Course in Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Education; Surgeon, Department of  Cardiovascular and Vascular Diseases</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia </p><p>Zdorovya Blvd., 25, Tolyatti, 445039, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drvvk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет;&#13;
Самарская городская клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov;&#13;
Samara State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University </institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарская городская клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет;&#13;
Тольяттинская городская клиническая больница № 5</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University;&#13;
Togliatti City Clinical Hospital No. 5</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Медведчиков-Ардия М.А., Корымасов Е.А., Матвиенко В.А., Колесников В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медведчиков-Ардия М.А., Корымасов Е.А., Матвиенко В.А., Колесников В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Medvedchikov-Ardiia M.A., Korymasov E.A., Matvienko V.A., Kolesnikov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1512">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1512</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Пациенты с почечной недостаточностью, получающие заместительную почечную терапию, имеют в 3–5 раз более высокий риск желудочно-кишечных кровотечений по сравнению с общей популяцией. Цель исследования: анализ результатов лечения пациентов с неварикозным кровотечением из верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта, получающих заместительную почечную терапию. Материалы и методы. В анализ включены 106 пациентов с неварикозным кровотечением из верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта, получающих заместительную почечную терапию, пролеченных в 2019–2025 гг. в Самарской городской клинической больнице № 1 им Н.И. Пирогова и Тольяттинской городской клинической больницы № 5. Были выделены две группы наблюдений: I группа – пациенты с острым повреждением почек (n=33), II группа – пациенты с терминальной стадией хронической болезни почек на программном гемодиализе (n=73). Статистический анализ выполняли с использованием критериев χ², точного критерия Фишера и Манна–Уитни, различия считали значимыми при p&lt;0,05. Результаты. В I группе оперативное или эндоскопическое лечение потребовали 13 (39,4%) пациентов, консервативно пролечены 20 (60,6%); летальность составила 21,2% (7/33). Во II группе у 26 (35,6%) пациентов выполнялось эндоскопическое или хирургическое вмешательство, 47 (64,4%) получали консервативную терапию; летальность — 15,1% (11/73). Различия летальности между группами статистически недостоверны (χ²=0,61; p=0,4). При анализе групп по виду лечения летальность при хирургических вмешательствах достигала 58,8% (10/17), тогда как при эндоскопическом и консервативном лечении — 9,1% (2/22) и 9,0% (6/67) соответственно (χ²=25,1; df=2; p&lt;0,001). Отношение шансов летального исхода при хирургическом лечении по сравнению с эндоскопическим составило 13,75 (95% ДИ: 2,64–71,54). Заключение. Ведение пациентов с кровотечением из верхних отделов ЖКТ на фоне заместительной почечной терапии требует строгого алгоритма, включающего раннюю эндоскопию, индивидуализированную антикоагулянтную терапию и междисциплинарный подход. Эндоскопические методы лечения демонстрируют высокую эффективность и относительно низкую летальность, тогда как хирургические вмешательства у больных на заместительной почечной терапии ассоциированы с крайне высоким риском неблагоприятного исхода. Консервативная терапия у данной категории пациентов малоэффективна и может рассматриваться лишь у строго отобранных больных при невозможности выполнения эндоскопического или хирургического вмешательства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Patients with kidney failure receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) have a 3–5-fold higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding than the general population. Aim. To evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) receiving RRT. Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed 106 patients with NVUGIB receiving hemodialysis-based RRT who were treated in 2019–2025 at Samara City Clinical Hospital No. 1 (N.I. Pirogov) and Togliatti City Clinical Hospital No. 5. Two clinical groups were defined: Group I—acute kidney injury (AKI; n=33) and Group II—end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on maintenance hemodialysis (n=73). Categorical variables were compared using the χ² test; Fisher’s exact test was used for 2×2 tables with small expected cell counts. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. A two-sided p value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. In Group I (AKI), 13 patients (39.4%) required endoscopic and/or surgical treatment, whereas 20 (60.6%) were managed conservatively; in-hospital mortality was 21.2% (7/33). In Group II (ESKD), 26 patients (35.6%) underwent endoscopic and/or surgical intervention and 47 (64.4%) received conservative therapy; in-hospital mortality was 15.1% (11/73). Mortality did not differ significantly between the AKI and ESKD groups (χ²=0.61; p=0.40). When patients were regrouped by definitive treatment strategy, mortality was 58.8% (10/17) after surgery, 9.1% (2/22) after endoscopic hemostasis, and 9.0% (6/67) with conservative management (χ²=25.1; df=2; p&lt;0.001). In pairwise comparisons, surgery was associated with higher mortality than endoscopic hemostasis (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.001; OR=14.29, 95% CI 2.49–81.82; RR=6.47, 95% CI 1.63–25.72). Conclusion. Management of NVUGIB in patients receiving RRT should follow a structured pathway, prioritizing early endoscopy after hemodynamic stabilization, individualized anticoagulation management, and multidisciplinary decision-making. Endoscopic hemostasis was associated with low in-hospital mortality, whereas surgical intervention was linked to markedly worse outcomes and should be reserved for life-threatening situations when endoscopic control fails or is not feasible. Conservative therapy should be viewed as a temporary or selective option rather than an equivalent alternative to endoscopic treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>желудочно-кишечное кровотечение [D006471]</kwd><kwd>неварикозное кровотечение [D006471]</kwd><kwd>заместительная почечная терапия [D006435]</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек [D051436]</kwd><kwd>острое повреждение почек [D058186]</kwd><kwd>программный гемодиализ [D006435]</kwd><kwd>эндоскопический гемостаз [D057096]</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянтная терапия [D000925]</kwd><kwd>летальность [D019871]</kwd><kwd>междисциплинарный подход [D010348]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>astrointestinal bleeding [D006471]</kwd><kwd>non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding [D006471]</kwd><kwd>renal replacement therapy [D006435]</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease [D051436]</kwd><kwd>acute kidney injury [D058186]</kwd><kwd>hemodialysis [D006435]</kwd><kwd>endoscopic hemostasis [D057096]</kwd><kwd>anticoagulant therapy [D000925]</kwd><kwd>mortality [D019871]</kwd><kwd>multidisciplinary approach [D010348]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elrggal ME, Naga YS. Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with CKD: The Renalism Continues! Kidney360. 2025 Mar 1;6(3):337-339. https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0000000686</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elrggal ME, Naga YS. Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with CKD: The Renalism Continues! Kidney360. 2025 Mar 1;6(3):337-339. https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0000000686</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin, Y., Li, C., Waters, D., &amp; Kwok, C. S. (2023). Gastrointestinal bleeding in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Renal Failure, 45(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/0886022X.2023.2276908</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin, Y., Li, C., Waters, D., &amp; Kwok, C. S. (2023). Gastrointestinal bleeding in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Renal Failure, 45(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/0886022X.2023.2276908</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larkin, J.W., Lama, S., Chaudhuri, S. et al. Prediction of gastrointestinal bleeding hospitalization risk in hemodialysis using machine learning. BMC Nephrol 25, 366 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03809-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larkin, J.W., Lama, S., Chaudhuri, S. et al. Prediction of gastrointestinal bleeding hospitalization risk in hemodialysis using machine learning. BMC Nephrol 25, 366 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03809-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang, CH., Chao, JY., Ling, TC. et al. Effect of dialysis modalities on risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding. Sci Rep 13, 52 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26476-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang, CH., Chao, JY., Ling, TC. et al. Effect of dialysis modalities on risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding. Sci Rep 13, 52 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26476-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boccardo, P., Remuzzi, G., &amp; Galbusera, M. (2004). Platelet dysfunction in renal failure. Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 30(5), 579–589. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-835678</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boccardo, P., Remuzzi, G., &amp; Galbusera, M. (2004). Platelet dysfunction in renal failure. Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 30(5), 579–589. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-835678</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lutz J., Menke J., Sollinger D., Schinzel H., Thürmel K. Haemostasis in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(1):29–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gft209</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lutz J., Menke J., Sollinger D., Schinzel H., Thürmel K. Haemostasis in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(1):29–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gft209</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weng, S. C., Shu, K. H., Tarng, D. C., Tang, Y. J., Cheng, C. H., Chen, C. H., Yu, T. M., Chuang, Y. W., Huang, S. T., Sheu, W. H., &amp; Wu, M. J. In-hospital mortality risk estimation in patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding undergoing hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study. Renal failure, 35(2), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2012.747140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weng, S. C., Shu, K. H., Tarng, D. C., Tang, Y. J., Cheng, C. H., Chen, C. H., Yu, T. M., Chuang, Y. W., Huang, S. T., Sheu, W. H., &amp; Wu, M. J. In-hospital mortality risk estimation in patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding undergoing hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study. Renal failure, 35(2), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2012.747140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang, Y., Chen, Q., Chen, R. et al. Endoscopic intervention for patients of renal insufficiency with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: efficacy evaluation and predictive model construction. BMC Gastroenterol 25, 773 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04149-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang, Y., Chen, Q., Chen, R. et al. Endoscopic intervention for patients of renal insufficiency with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: efficacy evaluation and predictive model construction. BMC Gastroenterol 25, 773 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04149-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riveros, C., Ranganathan, S., Shah, Y.B. et al. Association of chronic kidney disease with postoperative outcomes: a national surgical quality improvement program (NSQIP) multi-specialty surgical cohort analysis. BMC Nephrol 25, 305 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03753-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riveros, C., Ranganathan, S., Shah, Y.B. et al. Association of chronic kidney disease with postoperative outcomes: a national surgical quality improvement program (NSQIP) multi-specialty surgical cohort analysis. BMC Nephrol 25, 305 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03753-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acedillo, R. R., Shah, M., Devereaux, P. J., Li, L., Iansavichus, A. V., Walsh, M., &amp; Garg, A. X. The risk of perioperative bleeding in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of surgery, 258(6), 901–913. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000000244</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acedillo, R. R., Shah, M., Devereaux, P. J., Li, L., Iansavichus, A. V., Walsh, M., &amp; Garg, A. X. The risk of perioperative bleeding in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of surgery, 258(6), 901–913. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000000244</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Done J.Z., Ostertag-Hill C.A., Ziegler O., Vithiananthan S. Major perioperative bleeding in patients on dialysis undergoing nonelective abdominal surgeries. Journal of Surgical Research. — 2025. — Vol. 305. — P. 356–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.11.029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Done J.Z., Ostertag-Hill C.A., Ziegler O., Vithiananthan S. Major perioperative bleeding in patients on dialysis undergoing nonelective abdominal surgeries. Journal of Surgical Research. — 2025. — Vol. 305. — P. 356–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.11.029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gralnek I.M., Dumonceau J.-M., Kuipers E.J. et al. 2021 ESGE Guideline: Management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding — update 2021. Endoscopy. — 2021. — Vol. 53, No. 11. — P. 1175–1206. — DOI: 10.1055/a-1380-9103. https://www.esge.com/assets/downloads/pdfs/guidelines/2021_a_1369_5274.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gralnek I.M., Dumonceau J.-M., Kuipers E.J. et al. 2021 ESGE Guideline: Management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding — update 2021. Endoscopy. — 2021. — Vol. 53, No. 11. — P. 1175–1206. — DOI: 10.1055/a-1380-9103. https://www.esge.com/assets/downloads/pdfs/guidelines/2021_a_1369_5274.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muftah, M., Mulki, R., Dhere, T., Keilin, S., &amp; Chawla, S. (2019). Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with chronic kidney disease. Annals of gastroenterology, 32(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2018.0341</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muftah, M., Mulki, R., Dhere, T., Keilin, S., &amp; Chawla, S. (2019). Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with chronic kidney disease. Annals of gastroenterology, 32(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2018.0341</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abd El-Maguid A., Walenga J., Swaim R. et al. Evaluation of novel coagulation and platelet function assays in patients with chronic kidney disease. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. — 2022. — Vol. 20, № 4. — P. 742–753. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15653</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abd El-Maguid A., Walenga J., Swaim R. et al. Evaluation of novel coagulation and platelet function assays in patients with chronic kidney disease. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. — 2022. — Vol. 20, № 4. — P. 742–753. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15653</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
