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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2026.2.CLIN.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1524</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности иммуновоспалительного ответа при пневмококковой пневмонии у пациентов с различными критериями метаболического синдрома</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the immunoinflammatory responsein patients with pneumococcal pneumonia with various criteria of metabolic syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5483-1784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старикова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starikova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старикова Валерия Андреевна - Ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya A. Starikova - Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.a.starikova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-8487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константинов Дмитрий Юрьевич - Д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней иэпидемиологии</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy Yu. Konstantinov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the  Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.u.konstantinov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6022-0983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константинова Елена Александровна - Канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней и  эпидемиологии</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Konstantinova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.a.konstantinova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Старикова В.А., Константинов Д.Ю., Константинова Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старикова В.А., Константинов Д.Ю., Константинова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starikova V.A., Konstantinov D.Y., Konstantinova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1524">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1524</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Внебольничная пневмония пневмококковой этиологии характеризуется тяжёлым течением у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом (МС), однако влияние различных комбинаций его компонентов остаётся малоизученным. В настоящем исследовании проведена стратификация пациентов по компонентному составу МС с оценкой маркеров системного воспаления и эндотоксемии.Цель исследования: оценить особенности системного воспалительного ответа у пациентов с пневмококковой пневмонией в зависимости от критериев метаболического синдрома с оценкой лейкоцитарного индекса интоксикации и маркеров воспаления.Материалы и методы. В проспективное сравнительное когортное исследование включено 38 пациентов с пневмококковой пневмонией, стратифицированных на три группы в соответствии с критериями метаболического синдрома (International Diabetes Federation,2005). Забор крови выполняли в первые 24 часа госпитализации с последующим определением уровня эндотоксина (LAL-тест), маркеров воспаления (интерлейкин-6, фактор некроза опухоли-α, С-реактивный белок, прокальцитонин), иммунного статуса (CD4+/CD8, субпопуляции лимфоцитов) и расчётом лейкоцитарного индекса интоксикации.Результаты. Наиболее выраженные нарушения иммунного статуса и показателей эндотоксемии зарегистрированы у пациентов группы А (абдоминальное ожирение + СД2 + АГ + дислипидемия), где отмечены повышение уровня эндотоксемии до 1,46 [1,29; 1,55] EU/ml, лейкоцитоз (14,8±1,3×10⁹/л), нейтрофилез (81,8±3,1%), лимфопения (14,8±2,5%) и повышение лейкоцитарного индекса интоксикации до 9,4±1,4. Выявлен дисбаланс иммунорегуляторного индекса за счёт снижения CD4+ лимфоцитов (33,8±2,2%) при одновременном повышении CD8+ клеток (30,6±2,2%), что свидетельствует о нарушении регуляции иммунного ответа. Показатели пациентов группы В (абдоминальное ожирение + СД2 + сниженный уровень холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности (ЛПВП)) и группы C (абдоминальное ожирение + АГ + гипертриглицеридемия) демонстрировали статистически значимо менее выраженные изменения как иммунологических параметров, так и уровня эндотоксемии.Заключение. Наиболее неблагоприятный профиль, характеризующийся максимальным уровнем эндотоксемии, гиперактивацией цитокинового каскада (интерлейкин-6, фактор некроза опухоли-α, С-реактивный белок, прокальцитонин) и признаками иммунной дисрегуляции (снижение соотношения CD4+/CD8+, высокий лейкоцитарный индекс интоксикации) сформировался у пациентов группы А, объединяющей абдоминальное ожирение, сахарный диабет 2 типа, артериальную гипертензию и дислипидемию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia is characterized by a severe course in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the influence of various combinations of its components remains poorly understood. This study performed stratification of patients according to the component composition of MetS with an assessment of markers of systemic inflammation and endotoxemia.Aim. To evaluate the features of the systemic inflammatory response in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia depending on the criteria of metabolic syndrome, with assessment of the leukocyte index of intoxication and markers of inflammation.Materials and methods. A prospective comparative cohort study included 38 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, stratified into 3 groups according to the criteria for metabolic syndrome (IDF, 2005). Blood sampling was performed within the first 24 hours of hospitalization, followed by determination of endotoxin level (LAL test), markers of inflammation (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin), immune status (CD4+/CD8, lymphocyte subpopulations), and calculation of the leukocyte index of intoxication.Results. The most pronounced disturbances in immune status and endotoxemia indicators were registered in patients of group A (abdominal obesity + type 2 diabetes + arterial hypertension + dyslipidemia), where an increase in endotoxemia level to 1.46 [1.29; 1.55] EU/ml, leukocytosis (14.8±1.3 ×10⁹/L), neutrophilia (81.8±3.1%), lymphopenia (14.8±2.5%), and an increase in the leukocyte index of intoxication to 9.4±1.4 were noted. An imbalance in the immunoregulatory index was revealed due to a decrease in CD4+ lymphocytes (33.8±2.2%) with a simultaneous increase in CD8+ cells (30.6±2.2%), indicating impaired regulation of the immune response. Indicators of patients in group B (abdominal obesity + type 2 diabetes + reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level) and group C (abdominal obesity + arterial hypertension + hypertriglyceridemia) demonstrated statistically significantly less pronounced changes in both immunological parameters and endotoxemia level.Conclusion. The most unfavorable profile, characterized by the maximum level of endotoxemia, hyperactivation of the cytokine cascade (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin), and signs of immune dysregulation (decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio, high leukocyte index of intoxication), was formed in patients of group A, which combines abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пневмококковая пневмония</kwd><kwd>эндотоксемия</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>лейкоцитарный индекс интоксикации</kwd><kwd>интерлейкины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pneumococcal pneumonia</kwd><kwd>endotoxemia</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>leukocyte intoxication index</kwd><kwd>interleukins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2019 LRI Collaborators. 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