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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2026.1.CLIN.8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1533</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная оценка эффективности способов лечения свищей у больных, оперированных по поводу осложненных язв желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative evaluation of treatment methods for fistulas in patients operated on for complicated gastric and duodenal ulcers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-6664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоконев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belokonev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоконев Владимир Иванович, Д-р мед. наук, заслуженный врач РФ, профессор кафедры хирургических болезней детей и взрослых</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Belokonev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Professor, Department of Surgical Diseases of Children and Adults</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belokonev63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-6679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкин</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkin</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин Сергей Юрьевич, Д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой хирургических болезней детей и взрослых; главный врач </p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия</p><p>ул. Ташкентская, д. 159, г. Самара, 443095, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Yu. Pushkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Docent, Head of the Department of Surgical Diseases of Children and Adults; Chief Physician</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia</p><p>Tashkentskaya St., 159, Samara, 443095, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serpuschkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1380-0507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Йадав</surname><given-names>К. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yadav</surname><given-names>K. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Йадав Кришн Пратап, Соискатель кафедры хирургических болезней детей и взрослых</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krishn Pratap Yadav, PhD Candidate, Department of Surgical Diseases of Children and Adults</p><p>Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rajkpyadav@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7029-8104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Серов Александр Александрович, Студент 4 курса Института клинической медицины</p><p>ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Serov, Fourth-year student, Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p> Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serov.aleksander2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-0115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоров</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прохоров Даниил Дмитриевич, Ассистент кафедры физиологии и патофизиологии, Институт медицины, экологии и физической культуры</p><p>ул. Льва Толстого, д. 42, г. Ульяновск, 432017, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil D. Prokhorov, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Medicine, Ecology, and Physical Education</p><p>st. Lev Tolstoy, 42, Ulyanovsk, 432017, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prokhrow143@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет;&#13;
Самарская областная клиническая больница имени В.Д. Середавина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University;&#13;
Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ульяновский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ulyanovsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белоконев В.И., Пушкин С.Ю., Йадав К.П., Серов А.А., Прохоров Д.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белоконев В.И., Пушкин С.Ю., Йадав К.П., Серов А.А., Прохоров Д.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belokonev V.I., Pushkin S.Y., Yadav K.P., Serov A.A., Prokhorov D.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1533">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1533</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Несостоятельность швов после операций по поводу осложненной язвенной болезни желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки (ДПК) развивается у 11–15% пациентов, летальность при этом осложнении достигает 50–70%, что требует поиска эффективных методов лечения. Цель исследования: сравнительная оценка эффективности различных методов хирургического лечения дуоденальных и желудочных свищей, возникших после операций по поводу перфоративных язв, гастродуоденальных кровотечений и пилородуоденального стеноза. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты лечения 97 пациентов (73 мужчины, 24 женщины, возраст 18–95 лет) со свищами желудка и ДПК, развившимися после ушивания перфоративных язв и резекции желудка по Бильрот I и Бильрот II. Использовали классификацию свищей по В.И. Белоконеву и Е.П. Измайлову (2005), классификацию перитонита по В.Н. Чернову и Б.М. Белику (2002), классификацию энтеральной недостаточности по В.А. Корячкину и В.И. Страшнову (2002). Применяли следующие методы лечения: ушивание свища (n=10), наружное дренирование зоны несостоятельности (n=7), обтурация свища катетером Фолея (n=14), сквозное дренирование верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) (n=14), дренирование подпеченочного абсцесса (n=20), консервативное лечение свищей III типа (n=27), закрытие свища мышечным лоскутом на сосудистой ножке (n=5).Результаты. Общая летальность составила 45,4% (44 из 97 пациентов). Летальность в зависимости от типа свища: I тип — 62,2% (28 из 45), II тип — 30% (6 из 20), III тип — 33,3% (9 из 27), IV тип — 33,3% (1 из 3), V тип — 0% (0 из 2). Летальность в зависимости от метода лечения: при ушивании свища ДПК — 70% (7 из 10), при наружном дренировании — 85,7% (6 из 7), при обтурации свища катетером Фолея — 50% (7 из 14), при сквозном дренировании верхних отделов ЖКТ — 42,8% (6 из 14), при дренировании подпечёночного абсцесса — 30% (6 из 20), при консервативном лечении свищей III типа — 33,3% (9 из 27), при закрытии свища мышечным лоскутом — 20% (1 из 5). Заключение. Послеоперационная летальность у пациентов со свищами желудка и ДПК остаётся высокой и зависит от типа свища и метода лечения. Метод сквозного дренирования верхних отделов ЖКТ через свищ ДПК демонстрирует наименьшую летальность (42,8%) среди хирургических методов лечения дуоденальных свищей I–II типа. Дренирование подпечёночных абсцессов при свищах II типа обеспечивает летальность 30%. Консервативное лечение свищей III типа эффективно при адекватном дренировании (летальность 33,3%).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Suture failure after surgery for complicated gastric and duodenal ulcers occurs in 11–15% of patients, with mortality rates reaching 50–70%, necessitating the search for effective treatment methods. Aim. To compare the effectiveness of various surgical treatment methods for duodenal and gastric fistulas that developed after operations for perforated ulcers, gastroduodenal bleeding, and pyloroduodenal stenosis. Materials and Methods. The study analyzed treatment outcomes in 97 patients (73 men, 24 women, aged 18-95 years) with gastric and duodenal fistulas that developed after suturing of perforated ulcers and gastric resection using Billroth I and Billroth II methods. Fistulas were classified according to V.I. Belokonev and E.P. Izmailov (2005), peritonitis according to V.N. Chernov and B.M. Belik (2002), and intestinal failure according to V.A. Koryachkin and V.I. Strashnov (2002). The following treatment methods were employed: fistula suturing (n=10), external drainage of the insufficiency zone (n=7), fistula obturation with Foley catheter (n=14), through-and-through drainage of the upper gastrointestinal tract (n=14), drainage of subhepatic abscess (n=20), conservative treatment of type III fistulas (n=27), and fistula closure with vascularized muscle flap (n=5). Results. Overall mortality was 45.4% (44 of 97 patients). Mortality by fistula type: type I — 62.2% (28 of 45), type II — 30% (6 of 20), type III — 33.3% (9 of 27), type IV — 33.3% (1 of 3), type V — 0% (0 of 2). Mortality by treatment method: fistula suturing — 70% (7 of 10), external drainage — 85.7% (6 of 7), Foley catheter obturation — 50% (7 of 14), through-and-through drainage of upper GI tract — 42.8% (6 of 14), subhepatic abscess drainage — 30% (6 of 20), conservative treatment of type III fistulas — 33.3% (9 of 27), muscle flap closure — 20% (1 of 5). Conclusion. Postoperative mortality in patients with gastric and duodenal fistulas remains high and depends on fistula type and treatment method. Throughand-through drainage of the upper gastrointestinal tract via duodenal fistula demonstrates the lowest mortality (42.8%) among surgical methods for treating type I-II duodenal fistulas. Drainage of subhepatic abscesses in type II fistulas provides 30% mortality. Conservative treatment of typeIII fistulas is effective with adequate drainage (mortality 33.3%).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>язвенная болезнь желудка [D013276]</kwd><kwd>язвенная болезнь двенадцатиперстной кишки [D004383]</kwd><kwd>перфорация язвы [D006405]</kwd><kwd>желудочные свищи [D005768]</kwd><kwd>дуоденальные свищи [D004381]</kwd><kwd>послеоперационные осложнения [D011623]</kwd><kwd>перитонит [D010538]</kwd><kwd>дренирование [D004734]</kwd><kwd>катетер Фолея [D005275]</kwd><kwd>желудочно-кишечный тракт [D005767]</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stomach ulcer [D013276]</kwd><kwd>duodenal ulcer [D004383]</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal perforation [D006405]</kwd><kwd>gastric fistula [D005768]</kwd><kwd>duodenal fistula [D004381]</kwd><kwd>postoperative complications [D011623]</kwd><kwd>peritonitis [D010538]</kwd><kwd>drainage [D004734]</kwd><kwd>foley catheter [D005275]</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal tract [D005767].</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luft VM, Kostyuchenko AL, Leiderman IN. 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