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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2026.2.CASE.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-1570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинический случай</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical case</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром MELAS (митохондриальная энцефаломиопатия с лактатацидозом и инсультоподобными эпизодами): описание клинического случая</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes): a case report</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-2593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малкова Алла Аркадьевна - Канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики</p><p>ул. Коммунаров, 281, г. Ижевск, 426034, Россия</p><p>Воткинское шоссе, д. 57, г. Ижевск, 426039, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla A. Malkova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Medical Genetics</p><p>Kommunarov Street, 281, Izhevsk, 426034, Russia </p><p>Votkinskoye Highway, 57, Izhevsk, 426039, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nevrologia2020@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-1486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башмаков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashmakov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Башмаков Александр Борисович - Канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии</p><p> ул. Коммунаров, 281, г. Ижевск, 426034, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr B. Bashmakov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate  Professor of Department of Pathological Anatomy</p><p>Kommunarov Street, 281, Izhevsk, 426034, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Abashmakov22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-9507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаихов</surname><given-names>Ф. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikhov</surname><given-names>F. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаихов Филипп Игоревич - Врач-невролог</p><p>Воткинское шоссе, д. 57, г. Ижевск, 426039, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Filip I. Shaikhov - Neurologist</p><p>Votkinskoye Highway, 57, Izhevsk, 426039, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nevrologia2020@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7312-7704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Векшина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vekshina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Векшина Мария Вячеславовна - Студентка</p><p> ул. Коммунаров, 281, г. Ижевск, 426034, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya V. Vekshina - Student</p><p>Kommunarov Street, 281, Izhevsk, 426034, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m-vekshina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9093-5558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луппова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luppova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Луппова Наталья Степановна - Студентка</p><p> ул. Коммунаров, 281, г. Ижевск, 426034, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal'ya S. Luppova - Student</p><p>Kommunarov Street, 281, Izhevsk, 426034, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luppovanata@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ижевская государственная медицинская академия;&#13;
Первая республиканская клиническая больница Министерства здравоохранения Удмуртской Республики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izhevsk State Medical University;&#13;
First Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ижевская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izhevsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первая республиканская клиническая больница Министерства здравоохранения Удмуртской Республики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Republican Clinical  Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малкова А.А., Башмаков А.Б., Шаихов Ф.И., Векшина М.В., Луппова Н.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малкова А.А., Башмаков А.Б., Шаихов Ф.И., Векшина М.В., Луппова Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malkova A.A., Bashmakov A.B., Shaikhov F.I., Vekshina M.V., Luppova N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1570">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1570</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. MELAS-синдром — наследуемое по материнской линии митохондриальное заболевание, при котором кардинальная клиническая триада — лактатацидоз, эпилептические припадки и инсультоподобные эпизоды — нередко маскируется под острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения. Поздняя манифестация во взрослом возрасте затрудняет диагностику и отодвигает начало патогенетической терапии.Цель: показать на конкретном клиническом примере диагностический путь к митохондриальной энцефаломиопатии у пациентки 44 лет, дебютировавшей картиной ишемического инсульта, и описать алгоритм нейровизуализационной, нейрофизиологической и морфологической верификации синдрома MELAS.Описание случая. Пациентка Е., 44 лет, госпитализирована с предварительным диагнозом «ишемический инсульт» по поводу выпадения поля зрения в верхнем левом квадранте, нечёткости зрения, снижения концентрации и тяжести в голове. МРТ головного мозга выявила корковый ламинарный некроз в правой затылочной доле без поражения подкоркового белого вещества — паттерн, нетипичный для инсульта. Лабораторно: повышение лактатдегидрогеназы до 450,83 ед/л, лактат на верхней границе нормы. Игольчатая электромиография обнаружила снижение средней длительности потенциалов двигательных единиц. Биопсия латеральной широкой мышцы бедра показала фрагментарную атрофию миоцитов, коагуляционные некрозы и картину рваных красных волокон, характерную для митохондриальной миопатии. Назначена патогенетическая терапия: L-аргинин, коэнзим Q10, янтарная кислота, рибофлавин.Заключение. Дебют MELAS-синдрома в зрелом возрасте требует осознанной настороженности невролога: сохранность подкоркового белого вещества при корковом ламинарном некрозе, несоответствие очага сосудистым бассейнам, миопатический паттерн на ЭМГ и рваные красные волокна в биоптате — взаимно подкрепляющие признаки, позволяющие поставить диагноз до молекулярно-генетической верификации и своевременно перейти на патогенетическое лечение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. MELAS syndrome is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder whose cardinal triad — lactic acidosis, seizures, and stroke-like episodes — frequently mimics acute ischaemic stroke. Late, adult-onset presentations are easily missed, delaying disease-specific therapy.Aim. Through a single clinical case, to outline the diagnostic pathway from a presumptive ischaemic stroke to confirmed mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in a 44-year-old woman, and to map the neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and morphological steps that anchor the diagnosis of MELAS.Case presentation. A 44-year-old woman was admitted with a working diagnosis of ischaemic stroke after presenting with an upper-left quadrantanopia, blurred near-vision, impaired attention and memory, and a sense of head heaviness. Brain MRI showed cortical laminar necrosis in the right occipital lobe with the subcortical white matter spared — a pattern uncharacteristic of arterial-territory infarction. Lactate dehydrogenase was elevated (450.83 U/L); blood lactate sat at the upper reference limit. Needle EMG documented a reduction in mean motor-unit potential duration. Biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle revealed fragmentary atrophy, coagulation necrosis of individual fibres, and the ragged-red-fibre pattern of mitochondrial myopathy. Disease-modifying therapy was started — L-arginine, coenzyme Q10, succinic acid, and riboflavin.Conclusion. Adult-onset MELAS demands deliberate vigilance from the neurologist. Sparing of the subcortical white matter beneath a zone of cortical laminar necrosis, a lesion that ignores arterial territories, a myopathic EMG, and ragged-red fibres on biopsy form a self-reinforcing constellation that supports the diagnosis ahead of molecular confirmation and lets disease-specific treatment begin without delay.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>MELAS-синдром</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная энцефаломиопатия</kwd><kwd>лактатацидоз</kwd><kwd>инсультоподобные эпизоды</kwd><kwd>рваные красные волокна</kwd><kwd>биопсия мышцы</kwd><kwd>электромиография</kwd><kwd>описание случая</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MELAS syndrome</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial encephalomyopathy</kwd><kwd>lactic acidosis</kwd><kwd>stroke-like episodes</kwd><kwd>ragged-red fibers</kwd><kwd>muscle biopsy</kwd><kwd>electromyography</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gusev EI, Konovalov AN, Skvortsova VI, eds. 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