vmireavizВестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и ЗдоровьеBulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)2226-762X2782-1579РЕАВИЗ10.20340/vmi-rvz.2026.3.ICTM.1vmireaviz-1594Research ArticleИнформационно-вычислительные технологии в медицинеInformation technology in medicineЭтические аспекты и проблемы безопасности пассивного беспроводного мониторинга в персонализированной медицине и нейрореабилитацииEthical aspects and security challenges of passive wireless monitoring in personalized medicine and neurorehabilitationhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-3954-8027СарайкинА. И.SaraykinA. I.

Сарайкин Александр Иванович - Канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры вычислительной техники и защиты информации

пр. Победы, д. 13, г. Оренбург, 460018, Россия

Aleksandr I. Saraykin - Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor at the Department of Computer Engineering and Information Security

Pobedy Ave., 13, Orenburg, 460018, Russia

Saraikin-a@yandex.ruОренбургский государственный университет имени В.А. БондаренкоРоссияOrenburg State University named after V.A. BondarenkoRussian Federation202605092026163193201Copyright © Сарайкин А.И., 20262026Сарайкин А.И.Saraykin A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1594

Актуальность. Пассивный беспроводной мониторинг (Wi-Fi Sensing) позволяет отслеживать двигательную активность и физиологические параметры пациента без носимых устройств, что делает его привлекательным для персонализированной медицины и нейрореабилитации. Та же физическая основа метода — анализ искажений радиосигнала (RSSI, CSI, ToF/TDoA) — формирует поверхность уязвимостей и порождает этические проблемы, которые до настоящего времени не систематизированы.Цель. Провести комплексный анализ этических аспектов и проблем безопасности применения Wi-Fi Sensing в персонализированной медицине и нейрореабилитации, систематизировать уязвимости и предложить подход к выбору защитных контрмер, учитывающий технические ограничения и этические императивы.Материал и методы. Работа основана на трёх источниках данных: систематическом патентном анализе 14 253 документов за 2020–2025 гг., критическом обзоре современной научной литературы и математическом аппарате оптимизационного выбора контрмер с учётом синергетических эффектов.Результаты. Идентифицированы три группы этических проблем: информированное согласие и приватность третьих лиц; необратимая компрометация биометрических шаблонов (точность идентификации личности по индивидуальным паттернам походки достигает 95,4 %); психологический дистресс в форме «цифрового паноптикума». Систематизированы активные и пассивные атаки и уязвимости физического уровня. Разработан математический аппарат, позволяющий выбирать оптимальный набор контрмер с учётом синергии и антагонизма при бюджетных ограничениях и требованиях к производительности.Выводы. Предложен протокол этически ответственного применения Wi-Fi Sensing в нейрореабилитации, включающий пять требований: информированное согласие с периодическим подтверждением, защиту данных третьих лиц, технические меры на физическом уровне, этическую экспертизу алгоритмов и количественное обоснование выбора контрмер.

Background. Passive wireless monitoring (Wi-Fi Sensing) allows a patient's motor activity and physiological parameters to be tracked without wearable devices, which makes it attractive for personalised medicine and neurorehabilitation. The same physical basis of the method — analysis of radio signal distortions (RSSI, CSI, ToF/TDoA) — creates a vulnerability surface and gives rise to ethical problems that have not so far been systematised.Objective. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the ethical aspects and security issues of Wi-Fi Sensing in personalised medicine and neurorehabilitation, to systematise vulnerabilities and to propose an approach to selecting protective countermeasures that accounts for both technical constraints and ethical imperatives.Material and Methods. The work draws on three data sources: a systematic patent analysis of 14,253 documents for 2020–2025, a critical review of current scientific literature, and a mathematical framework for the optimisation-based selection of countermeasures allowing for synergistic effects.Results. Three groups of ethical problems were identified: informed consent and third-party privacy; irreversible compromise of biometric templates (accuracy of personal identification from individual gait patterns reaches 95.4 %); and psychological distress in the form of a digital panopticon. Active and passive attacks and physical-layer vulnerabilities were systematised. A mathematical framework was developed that permits selection of an optimal set of countermeasures accounting for synergy and antagonism under budget constraints and performance requirements.Conclusions. A protocol for the ethically responsible use of Wi-Fi Sensing in neurorehabilitation is proposed, comprising five requirements: informed consent with periodic reaffirmation, protection of third-party data, technical measures at the physical layer, ethical review of algorithms, and quantitative justification of countermeasure selection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.