vmireavizВестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и ЗдоровьеBulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)2226-762X2782-1579РЕАВИЗ10.20340/vmi-rvz.2026.2.CLIN.6vmireaviz-1700Research ArticleКлиническая медицинаClinical medicineМитохондриальная сеть как ключевое звено выживаемости нейроваскулярной единицыThe mitochondrial network as a key link in the survival of the neurovascular unithttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-8270СороковиковаТ. В.SorokovikovaT. V.

Сороковикова Татьяна Викторовна - Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры неврологии, реабилитации и нейрохирургии

ул. Советская, д. 4, г. Тверь, 170100, Россия

Tat'yana V. Sorokovikova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Docent, Associate Professor of the Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, and Neurosurgery

Sovetskaya St., 4, Tver, 170100, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-1958ПавловаО. Н.PavlovaO. N.

Павлова Ольга Николаевна - Д-р биол. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой физиологии

ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия

Ol'ga N. Pavlova - Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Docent, Head of the  Department of Physiology

 Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia 

casiopeya13@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-7095ГуленкоО. Н.GulenkoO. N.

Гуленко Ольга Николаевна - Канд. биол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры физиологии

ул. Чапаевская, д. 89, г. Самара, 443099, Россия

Ol'ga N. Gulenko - Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Docent, Associate Professor of the Department of Physiology

Chapaevskaya St., 89, Samara, 443099, Russia

Тверской государственный медицинский университетРоссияTver State Medical UniversityRussian FederationСамарский государственный медицинский университетРоссияSamara State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2026150720261628698Copyright © Сороковикова Т.В., Павлова О.Н., Гуленко О.Н., 20262026Сороковикова Т.В., Павлова О.Н., Гуленко О.Н.Sorokovikova T.V., Pavlova O.N., Gulenko O.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/1700

Обзор посвящён анализу фундаментальных механизмов деградации и восстановления нейроваскулярной единицы (НВЕ) в условиях острого дефицита церебрального кровотока и последующей реперфузии. Рассматриваются физиологические основы клеточной дезорганизации, где ведущим фактором деструкции нейрональных мембран выступает липопероксидация. Особое внимание уделено роли митохондриальной сети как центрального регулятора выживаемости клеток НВЕ. В работе подробно описываются современные представления о структурно-функциональной целостности НВЕ и молекулярных механизмах её повреждения. Центральное место занимает анализ регуляторной оси PGC-1α как ключевого фактора митохондриального биогенеза и антиоксидантной защиты. Авторы систематизируют данные о процессах митохондриальной динамики (слияния), селективной аутофагии (митофагии) и роли неспецифической митохондриальной поры (mPTP) в определении судьбы клеток в постперфузионном периоде. В заключительной части обзора обсуждаются перспективные стратегии фармакологической коррекции: от купирования оксидативного стресса и нейровоспаления до индукции биогенеза органелл. Обосновывается терапевтический потенциал модуляции митохондриального пула как эффективного метода восстановления нейроваскулярной единицы после ишемического поражения.

This review analyzes the fundamental mechanisms of neurovascular unit (NVU) degradation and restoration under conditions of acute cerebral blood flow deficiency and subsequent reperfusion. The physiological basis of cellular disorganization is examined, with lipid peroxidation acting as the leading factor in neuronal membrane destruction. Particular attention is paid to the role of the mitochondrial network as a central regulator of NVU cell survival. The paper describes in detail current understanding of the structural and functional integrity of the NVU and the molecular mechanisms of its damage. Central to this is the analysis of the PGC-1α regulatory axis as a key factor in mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense. The authors systematize data on mitochondrial dynamics (fusion), selective autophagy (mitophagy), and the role of the mitochondrial proliferator-activated pore (mPTP) in determining cell fate in the post-perfusion period. The final section of the review discusses promising strategies for pharmacological correction: from the reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation to the induction of organelle biogenesis. The therapeutic potential of mitochondrial modulation as an effective method for restoring the neurovascular unit after ischemic injury is substantiated.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.