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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2021.4.MORPH.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-260</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Морфология, патология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Morphology, pathology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальное моделирование химического ожога пищевода с помощью разных концентраций раствора щелочи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental modeling of chemical burning of the esophagus using different concentrations of alkali solution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-6132</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпова Ирина Юрьевна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры детской хирургии</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ikarpova73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-892X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перетягин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peretyagin</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перетягин Петр Владимирович, младший научный сотрудник отделения экспериментальной медицины с виварием</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-2968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлинская</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlinskaya</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлинская Наталья Юрьевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедры патологической анатомии</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-344X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потемина</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potemina</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Потемина Татьяна Евгеньевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой патологической физиологии</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9827-6763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паршиков</surname><given-names>В. В. </given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parshikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паршиков Вячеслав Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой детской хирургии</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карпова И.Ю., Перетягин П.В., Орлинская Н.Ю., Потемина Т.Е., Паршиков В.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпова И.Ю., Перетягин П.В., Орлинская Н.Ю., Потемина Т.Е., Паршиков В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpova I.Y., Peretyagin P.V., Orlinskaya N.Y., Potemina T.E., Parshikov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/260">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/260</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель и задачи исследования: создание экспериментальной модели химического ожога пищевода щелочью для изучения патологической трансформации тканей верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. На базе отделения экспериментальной медицины с виварием Приволжского исследовательского медицинского университета исследование химического ожога пищевода проводили на 15 половозрелых крысах-самцах линии Wistar. Ожог моделировали путем экспозиции едкого натра (NaOH) с концентрацией 20 %, 15 %, 10 % и 5 % в объеме 1 мл. В рамках морфологического исследования экспериментальный материал фиксировался в 10 % формалине. После фиксации препараты отправляли в стандартную гистологическую проводку на аппарате «Excelsior ES» (Thermo Scientific). Заливка в парафиновые блоки с использованием заливочной станции «HistoStar» (Thermo Scientific), окраска гематоксилином и эозином. Для морфометрической обработки и создания видеоархива полученного материала использовался микроскоп Leica 2500, объектив ×4, ×10, ×20, ×40, окуляр ×10 на базе отдела морфологии НИИТО ПИМУ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Затравка 20 % раствором щелочи для животных оказалась несовместимой с жизнью, так как через сутки после введения вещества три крысы погибли, две находились в агональном состоянии. При морфологическом исследовании обнаружен тотальный некроз (100 %) эпителиальной выстилки до мышечного слоя и частично в мышечном слое. При ожоге 15 % раствором NaOH самцы пребывали в очень тяжелом состоянии, из пяти затравленных в двух случаях отмечен летальный исход на первые сутки. Гистологическое исследование констатировало массивный некроз (70 %) эпителиальной выстилки. Влияние 10 % щелочи на общее состояние животных не демонстрировало выраженную тяжесть травмы. На 15 % площади эпителиальной выстилки диагностирован некроз. Ожог 5 % раствором едкого натра не спровоцировал тяжесть, несовместимую с жизнью. При данном состоянии выявили очаговые некрозы, занимающие около 5 % площади органа.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Затравки 10 % и 5 % растворами каустика являются актуальными для дальнейшего экспериментального исследования, так как дают возможность апробировать разные методы диагностики, лечения и профилактики рубцевания при различной глубине и морфологических особенностях повреждения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose and objectives of the study: is to create an experimental model of a chemical burn of the esophagus with alkali to study the pathological transformation of the tissues of the upper gastrointestinal tract.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. On the basis of the Department of Experimental Medicine with a vivarium of the Privolzhsky Research Medical University, the study of a chemical burn of the esophagus was carried out on 15 sexually mature male Wistar rats. The burn was simulated by exposure to caustic soda (NaOH) with a concentration of 20 %, 15 %, 10 % and 5 % in a volume of 1 ml. As part of the morphological study, the experimental material was fixed in 10 % formalin. After fixation, the preparations were sent to a standard histological wiring using an Excelsior ES apparatus (Thermo Scientific). Pouring into paraffin blocks using the “HistoStar” filling station (Thermo Scientific), staining with hematoxylin and eosin. For morphometric processing and creation of a video archive of the obtained material, a Leica 2500 microscope, ×4, ×10, ×20, ×40, objective, ×10 eyepiece based on the morphology department of NIITO PIMU was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Seeding with a 20 % alkali solution for animals turned out to be incompatible with life, since a day after the injection of the substance, 3 rats died, 2 were in an agonal state. Morphological examination revealed total necrosis (100 %) of the epithelial lining up to the muscle layer and partially in the muscle layer. When burned with a 15 % NaOH solution, the males were in a very serious condition, out of 5 inoculated in 2 cases, a lethal outcome was noted on the 1st day. Histological examination revealed massive necrosis (70 %) of the epithelial lining. The effect of 10 % alkali on the general condition of the animals did not show a pronounced severity of injury. Necrosis was diagnosed on 15 % of the area of the epithelial lining. A burn with 5 % sodium hydroxide solution did not provoke a severity incompatible with life. In this condition, focal necrosis was revealed, occupying about 5 % of the organ area.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Seeds with 10 % and 5 % caustic solutions are relevant for further experimental research, since they make it possible to test different methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of scarring at different depths and morphological features of damage.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспериментальная модель</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>химический ожог</kwd><kwd>раствор щелочи</kwd><kwd>пищевод</kwd><kwd>желудок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>experimental model</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>chemical burn</kwd><kwd>alkali solution</kwd><kwd>esophagus</kwd><kwd>stomach</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research received no external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balderas A.B., Aceves M.R., Ramirez P.C., Rodriguez E.G., Marin J.A.B. 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