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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2021.4.CLIN.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-303</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реконструктивно-восстановительные операции в комплексном лечении рака молочной железы (10-летний опыт)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reconstructive surgery in the complex treatment of breast cancer (10 years of experience)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-6029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходырев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodyrev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ходырев Сергей Анатольевич, Больничный ординатор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drkompramis@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-8420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойленко</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilenko</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самойленко Вячеслав Михайлович, Больничный ординатор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drkompramis@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-7454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабаев</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabaev</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шабаев Рамис Маратович, Больничный ординатор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kampramis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал Военно-медицинской академии им. С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Branch of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ходырев С.А., Самойленко В.М., Шабаев Р.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ходырев С.А., Самойленко В.М., Шабаев Р.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khodyrev S.A., Samoilenko V.M., Shabaev R.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/303">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/303</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования является улучшение качества жизни женщин с раком молочной железы (РМЖ) и высоким риском его развития путем выполнения одномоментной или отсроченной реконструкции утраченных молочных желез (МЖ).</p><p>Задачами исследования явились уточнение критериев отбора пациенток на проведение профилактической мастэктомии; выработка хирургической тактики при лечении РМЖ и высоком риске его развития; оценка онкологической безопасности кожесохранной мастэк- томии (КМЭ); уточнение способов реконструкции МЖ; анализ послеоперационных осложнений, в том числе влияния неоадъювантной полихимиотерапии (ПХТ) при одномоментной реконструкции МЖ на их частоту и определение возможных путей их предотвращения.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В проспективное контролируемое исследование включено 258 пациенток, перенесших хирургическое лечение в нашем отделении в период с 2007 года по 2016 год. Критериями включения пациенток в исследование явились: проведение радикального хирургического лечения по поводу РМЖ как изолированно, так и в сочетании с реконструкцией утраченной МЖ; носительство герминальных мутаций в генах-супрессорах опухолевой пролиферации BRCA1 и BRCA2, наличие родственниц I степени родства, страдающих РМЖ, перенесенный ранее BRCA-ассоциированный РМЖ; желание пациенток с многократно рецидивирующими пролиферативными доброкачественными заболеваниями МЖ, не поддающимися консервативному и оперативному лечению, воспользоваться хирургическим методом профилактики РМЖ с одномоментным восстановлением МЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Согласно опроснику депрессивности Бека, в первой группе пациенток у 72 % наблюдался критический и высокий уровень депрессивности, в то время как у пациенток, перенесших радикальную мастэктомию (РМЭ) с одномоментной реконструкцией, подобных уровней депрессивности не наблюдалось. При этом относительно благополучное психологическое состояние пациенток с низким уровнем депрессивности наблюдали у 17 из 21 пациентки группы РМЭ + отсроченная реконструкция (что составило 81 % группы), у 21 из 22 пациенток группы РМЭ + одномоментная реконструкция (95 % группы), и лишь у 5 из 43 пациенток группы РМЭ (12 % группы) (χ2 = 51,6; критическое значение 9,2 при p ≤ 0,01).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. При анализе полученных результатов мы еще раз убедились в онкологической безопасности КМЭ с одномоментной реконструкцией МЖ при соблюдении определенных требований. При наличии соответствующих условий возможно сохранение САК в ходе КМЭ. Профилактическая КМЭ с одномоментной реконструкцией МЖ является способом выбора у пациенток с высоким риском развития РМЖ при соблюдении соответствующих критериев отбора и желании пациентки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to improve the quality of life of women with breast cancer (BC) and a high risk of its development by performing one-stage or delayed reconstruction of the lost breast.</p><p>The objectives of the study were: to clarify the criteria for selecting patients for prophylactic mastectomy; development of surgical tactics in the treatment of breast cancer and a high risk of its development; assessment of oncological safety of LME; clarification of the methods of reconstruction of the breast; analysis of postoperative complications, including the effect of neoadjuvant PCT during simultaneous breast reconstruction on their frequency, and determination of possible ways to prevent them.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The prospective controlled study included 258 patients who underwent surgical treatment in our department between 2007 and 2016. The criteria for the inclusion of patients in the study were: carrying out radical surgical treatment for breast cancer, both in isolation and in combination with the reconstruction of the lost breast; carriage of germline mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, the presence of first-degree relatives suffering from breast cancer, previous BRCA-associated breast cancer; the desire of patients with multiple recurrent proliferative benign breast diseases that are not amenable to conservative and surgical treatment to use the surgical method of breast cancer prophylaxis with immediate restoration of the breast.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the Beck Depression Questionnaire, 72 % of patients in the first group of patients had a critical and high level of depression, while patients who underwent CME with one-stage reconstruction did not have such levels of depression. At the same time, a relatively favorable psychological state of patients with a low level of depression was observed in 17 of 21 patients in the RME + delayed reconstruction group (which amounted to 81% of the group), in 21 of 22 patients in the RME + simultaneous reconstruction group (95% of the group), and only in 5 of 43 patients in the RME group (12% of the group) (χ2 = 51.6; critical value 9.2 at p ≤ 0.01).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. When analyzing the results obtained, we once again became convinced of the oncological safety of LME with a one-stage reconstruction of the breast, subject to certain requirements. In the presence of appropriate conditions, it is possible to preserve the SAC during the LME. Preventive LME with simultaneous breast reconstruction is the method of choice in patients with a high risk of developing breast cancer, subject to the appropriate selection criteria and the patient's desire.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>радикальная мастэктомия</kwd><kwd>кожесохранная мастэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>mammary cancer</kwd><kwd>radical mastectomy</kwd><kwd>skin-preserving mastectomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaprin A.D., Starinskij V.V., Petrova G.V., Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovaniya v Rossii v 2015 godu. Moskva, 2017. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1 Kaprin A.D., Starinskij V.V., Petrova G.V., Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovaniya v Rossii v 2015 godu. Moskva, 2017. 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