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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2021.6.CLIN.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные методы диагностики спаечной кишечной непроходимости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern methods for adhesive bowel obstruction diagnosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-7132</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakov</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбаков Кирилл Дмитриевич, ординатор кафедры хирургических болезней ФДПО</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2591-5381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седнев</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sednev</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Седнев Георгий Сергеевич, ординатор кафедры хирургических болезней ФДПО</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2567-6088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аскеров</surname><given-names>Э. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askerov</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аскеров Эльшад Магомедович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии, SPIN-код 5529-8581</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-5379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Артем Михайлович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии, SPIN-код 6815-9332</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ammorozovv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-7086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пичугова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pichugova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пичугова Анастасия Николаевна, студентка 5 курса лечебного факультета, SPIN-код: 6917-7060</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6125-7676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляк</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyak</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляк Мария Александровна, студентка 3 курса лечебного факультета, SPIN-код 5449-6580</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyakmariah@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тверской государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыбаков К.Д., Седнев Г.С., Аскеров Э.М., Морозов А.М., Пичугова А.Н., Беляк М.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыбаков К.Д., Седнев Г.С., Аскеров Э.М., Морозов А.М., Пичугова А.Н., Беляк М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rybakov K.D., Sednev G.S., Askerov E.M., Morozov A.M., Pichugova A.N., Belyak M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/337">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/337</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Спаечная кишечная непроходимость является одним из распространенных заболеваний в абдоминальной хирургии. Частота встречаемости данной нозологии значительно увеличивается из года в год. В течение последних 20 лет частота случаев спаечной кишечной непроходимости увеличилась в два раза и не имеет тенденции к снижению. За последние годы в Великобритании непроходимость тонкого кишечника стала показанием для неотложной лапаротомии в 51 % случаев. Scott и соавт. сообщили о семи неотложных хирургических операциях, на которые приходится 80 % всех госпитализаций, заболеваемости, смертности и расходов на здравоохранение в отношении общей хирургии в США. Данные операции включают в себя частичную колэктомию, резекцию тонкой кишки, холецистэктомию, оперативное лечение язвенной болезни, адгеолизис, аппендэктомию и лапаротомию. Спаечная кишечная непроходимость тонкой кишки была наиболее частым диагнозом при поведении четырех из семи оперативных вмешательств (частичная колэктомия, резекция тонкой кишки, адгеолизис и лапаротомия). Послеоперационные спаечные процессы являются основной причиной непроходимости тонкого кишечника, составляя 60 % случаев. Среди всех случаев кишечной непроходимости острая тонкокишечная составляет 64,3–80 %, имея при этом тяжелое течение и худший прогноз, это обуславливает высокую летальность при данной патологии, она составляет от 5,1 % до 8,4 %, занимая ведущее место среди всех ургентных заболеваний.</p><p>Целью настоящего исследования является оценка различных современных методов диагностики спаечной кишечной непроходимости.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В настоящем исследовании был применен метод классического анализа отечественной и зарубежной литературы, основанный на актуальных данных по вопросу диагностики спаечной кишечной непроходимости.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исторически сложился алгоритм обследования пациентов, поступающих с подозрением на спаечную непроходимость кишечника, в который входят: жалобы, анамнез заболевания и жизни, объективный статус, а также дополнительные методы диагностики. Пациенты с острой кишечной непроходимостью (ОКН) обычно предъявляют широкий спектр жалоб, таких как тошнота, рвота и периодические боли в животе. Тошнота и рвота следуют за появлением боли и являются ранним признаком проксимальной спаечной ОКН. Однако клинические симптомы лишь способны косвенно указывать на спаечную кишечную непроходимость. Данные лабораторных исследований мало значимы в диагностике кишечной непроходимости, однако они помогают определить наличие и выраженность метаболических нарушений, нарушения гомеостаза, а также указать на возможную странгуляцию. Для диагностики ОКН рутинно используют обзорную рентгенографию органов брюшной полости. Компьютерная томография (КТ) имеет более высокую чувствительность и специфичность по сравнению с обзорной рентгенографией и показана Болонскими рекомендациями. В диагностике ОКН все чаще применяют ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ). УЗИ – относительно простой недорогой неинвазивный метод визуализации, который лишен лучевой нагрузки, однако эффективность зависит от опыта оператора. Чтобы свести к минимуму воздействие ионизирующего излучения у детей и беременных женщин, магнитно-резонансная томография является действенной альтернативой компьютерной томографии при непроходимости кишечника.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проблема спаечной кишечной непроходимости остается весьма актуальной, учитывая распространенность заболевания и высокие показатели летальности. В настоящее время высокое значение приобретают новые перспективные методы диагностики данного заболевания, включающие биомаркеры и высокотехнологичные методы визуализации патологического процесса, такие как компьютерная томография и магнитно-резонансная томография. При этом нельзя забывать про рутинные методы исследования – рентгенографию брюшной полости и классические методы обследования пациента – сбор жалоб, анамнеза и определения объективного статуса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Topicality</title><p>Topicality. Adhesive intestinal obstruction is a common disease in abdominal surgery with a significant increase from year to year. During the last 20 years, the frequency of cases of adhesive intestinal obstruction (SCN) has increased by 2 times and has no tendency to decrease. In the UK, small bowel obstruction was an indication for 51% of all emergency laparotomies. Scott et al. reported seven emergency surgeries, accounting for 80% of all hospital admissions, morbidity, mortality, and health care costs in relation to general surgery in the United States. These seven operations included partial colectomy, small bowel resection, cholecystectomy, peptic ulcer surgery, adgeolysis, appendectomy, and laparotomy. Adhesive intestinal obstruction of the small intestine was the most frequent diagnosis in the behavior of four out of seven surgical interventions (partial colectomy, resection of the small intestine, adgeolysis and laparotomy). Postoperative adhesive processes are the main cause of small intestine obstruction, accounting for 60% of cases. Among all cases of intestinal obstruction, acute small intestine is 64.3–80%, while having a severe course and a worse prognosis. This causes a high mortality rate in this pathology. It ranges from 5.1% to 8.4%, occupying a leading place among all urgent diseases.</p><p>The purpose of the study was to evaluate various modern methods of diagnosing adhesive intestinal obstruction.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. In this study, the method of classical analysis of domestic and foreign literature was applied, based on current data on the diagnosis of adhesive intestinal obstruction.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Historically, there has been a certain algorithm for examining patients arriving with suspected adhesive intestinal obstruction, which includes: complaints, anamnesis of the disease and life, objective status, as well as additional diagnostic methods. Patients with OCD usually present a wide range of complaints, such as nausea, vomiting and periodic abdominal pain. Nausea and vomiting follow the appearance of pain and are an early sign of proximal adhesive OCN. However, clinical symptoms are only partially able to diagnose adhesive intestinal obstruction. Laboratory data are of little significance in the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, but they help to determine the presence and severity of metabolic disorders, homeostasis disorders, as well as to indicate possible starngulation. For the diagnosis of OCN, OBP survey radiography is routinely used. Computed tomography (CT) has a higher sensitivity and specificity compared to abdominal X-ray examination and is recommended by the Bologna Guidelines. Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) is increasingly used in the diagnosis of OCD. Ultrasound is a relatively simple inexpensive non-invasive imaging method that is devoid of radiation exposure, but depends on the operator's experience. To minimize the effects of ionizing radiation in children and pregnant women, magnetic resonance imaging is an effective alternative to computed tomography for intestinal obstruction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The problem of adhesive intestinal obstruction remains highly relevant, given the prevalence of the disease and high mortality rates. Currently, new promising methods for diagnosing this disease, including biomarkers and high-tech methods for visualizing the pathological process, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, are acquiring high importance. At the same time, one should not forget about the routine research methods – X-ray of the abdominal cavity and classical methods of examining the patient – collecting complaints, anamnesis and determining the objective status.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спаечная кишечная непроходимость</kwd><kwd>диагностика спаечной кишечной непроходимости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adhesive intestinal obstruction</kwd><kwd>diagnosis of adhesive intestinal obstruction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research received no external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асраров А.А., Хакимов М.Ш., Баймаков С.Р., Насритдинов У.К., Абдуллаев Ж.С., Кучкоров С.И. 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