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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2022.1.TX.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-420</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Донорство и трансплантация органов и тканей</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Organ and tissue donation and transplantation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этические вопросы ксенотрансплантации в свете религиозных воззрений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ethical issues of xenotransplantation in the aspect of religious views</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0486-225X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарифова</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharifova</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарифова Рамиза Атамкуловна, трансплантационный координатор, курс донорства органов и трансплантационной координации</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">r.a.sharifova@reaviz.online</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3417-731X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль Брейзат</surname><given-names>А. Х. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al Breizat</surname><given-names>A. Kh. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аль Брейзат Абдель Хади Сулейман, директор Иорданского директората по донорству органов (JCOTD), главный внештатный специалист по хирургии Министерства здравоохранения Королевства Иордания, профессор</p><p>Амман</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amman</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.h.breizat@vestnik.reaviz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-2330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каабак</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaabak</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каабак Михаил Михайлович, доктор медицнских наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaabak@pochka.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-4744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масликова</surname><given-names>У. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslikova</surname><given-names>U. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масликова Ульяна Владиславовна, врач-гематолог, аспирант</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maslikova.ulyana@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-8675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яремин</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaremin</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яремин Борис Иванович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, главный специалист отдела внешних научных связей, врач-хирург центра трансплантации печени</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b.i.yaremin@reaviz.online</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medicine University "Reaviz"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иорданский директорат по донорству органов (JCOTD)</institution><country>Иордания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Jordanian Directorate for Organ Donation (JCOTD)</institution><country>Jordan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>4National Medical Hematology Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н. В. Склифосовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Ambulance Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шарифова Р.А., Аль Брейзат А.С., Каабак М.М., Масликова У.В., Яремин Б.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шарифова Р.А., Аль Брейзат А.С., Каабак М.М., Масликова У.В., Яремин Б.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharifova R.A., Al Breizat A.S., Kaabak M.M., Maslikova U.V., Yaremin B.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/420">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/420</self-uri><abstract><p>Трансплантология позволяет уверенно спасать жизни ранее обречённых пациентов. К сожалению, у этого колоссального достижения человеческого прогресса есть проблемная сторона – дефицит донорских органов. Решить ее могло бы использование органов животных. В настоящее время вопросы ксенотрансплантации снова получили актуальность после выполнения в 2021 году экспериментальной ксенотрансплантации почки генетически модифицированной свиньи, в 2022 году – ксенотрансплантации сердца. Эта практика порождает ряд этических вопросов. Этично ли подвергать риску человечество, спасая одного человека? Этично ли ограничивать гражданские права ксенореципиенту? Создаст ли ксенотрансплантация ещё один повод для дискриминации? Можно ли считать создание ксенохимер недопустимым вмешательством в Божественный план с религиозной точки зрения? Этично ли использование высших животных в целях ксенотрансплантации? Не создаст ли рост числа ксенотрансплантаций риска идентичности человеческого рода? Создаст ли ксенотрансплантация новые вопросы справедливой аллокации органов? Проанализированы источники ученых богословов, относящихся к основным авраамическим религиям по указанной тематике. Рассмотрение теологических подходов к предъявляемым ксенотрансплантацией новым этическим проблемам не позволяет обнаружить единства мнений. Тем не менее, по мере конкретных клинических успехов этого нового раздела медицинской науки будет совершенствоваться отношение к ней общества, религиозных лидеров и рядовых верующих. С индивидуальной точки зрения иудаизм не возражает против ксенотрансплантации для продления и спасения человеческой жизни, даже в случае некошерных животных с генетическими модификациями. Сохранение жизни перевешивает другие ценности почти без исключения. Ксенотрансплантация, даже от свиньи, приветствуется как поддерживающее жизнь медицинское вмешательство с еврейской этической точки зрения большинством авторов. В христианстве мотивацией является попытка следовать примеру Иисуса Христа, приносящего исцеление всем нуждающимся. Хотя физиологическое исцеление важно, конечной целью является общее благополучие человека, которое требует духовного, психического и социального благополучия в дополнении к физическому здоровью. Самым верным обобщающим замечанием об исламских биоэтических взглядах на ксенотрансплантацию было бы то, что, учитывая состояние науки, окончательное этико-правовое определение остаётся неоднозначным, однако в целом ксенотрансплантация как средство спасения жизни человека может быть приемлемой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Transplantation allows us to confidently save the lives of previously doomed patients. Unfortunately, this colossal achievement of human progress has a problematic side – the shortage of donor organs. The use of animal organs could solve it. Currently, the issues of xenotransplantation have become relevant again after the experimental xenotransplantation of the kidney of a genetically modified pig in 2021, and the xenotransplantation of the heart in 2022. This practice raises a number of ethical questions. Is it ethical to put humanity at risk by saving one person? Is it ethical to limit the civil rights of a xeno-recipient? Will xenotransplantation create another reason for discrimination? Can the creation of xenochimeras be considered an unacceptable interference in the Divine plan from a religious point of view? Is it ethical to use higher animals for xenotransplantation? Will an increase in the number of xenotransplants create a risk of the identity of the human race? Will xenotransplantation create new questions about equitable organ allocation? The sources of scholars of theologians related to the main Abrahamic religions on this topic are analyzed. Consideration of theological approaches to the new ethical problems presented by xenotransplantation does not allow us to find a unanimity of opinion. However, as this new branch of medical science makes concrete clinical progress, the attitude of society, religious leaders and ordinary believers towards it will improve. From an individual point of view, Judaism does not object to xenotransplantation to prolong and save human life, even in the case of non-kosher animals with genetic modifications. The preservation of life outweighs other values almost without exception. Xenotransplantation, even from a pig, is hailed as a life-sustaining medical intervention from a Jewish ethical perspective by most authors. In Christianity, the motivation is to try to follow the example of Jesus Christ in bringing healing to all those in need. While physiological healing is important, the ultimate goal is the overall well-being of the individual, which requires spiritual, mental, and social well-being in addition to physical health. The most correct generalization about Islamic bioethical views on xenotransplantation would be that, given the state of science, the final ethical and legal definition remains ambiguous, but in general, xenotransplantation as a means of saving human life may be acceptable.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ксенотрансплантация</kwd><kwd>биомедицинская этика</kwd><kwd>религия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>xenotransplantation</kwd><kwd>biomedical ethics</kwd><kwd>religion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tisato V, Cozzi E. Xenotransplantation: An Overview of the Field. In: Costa C, Máñez R, eds. Xenotransplantation: Methods and Protocols. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2012:1-16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tisato V, Cozzi E. Xenotransplantation: An Overview of the Field. In: Costa C, Máñez R, eds. 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