<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2022.6.CASE.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-533</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинический случай</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical case</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Случай лечения грибковой перипротезной инфекции с применением имплантата с углеродным покрытием</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A case of treatment of a fungal periprosthetic infection with a carbon-coated implant</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-7954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малюченко</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyuchenko</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малюченко Леонид Игоревич, врач-травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leonidmalyuchenko@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-470X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаев Николай Станиславович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, главный врач; заведующий кафедрой травматологии, ортопедии и экстремальной медицины</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolaevns@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-4459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubimova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любимова Людмила Валентиновна, врач клинический фармаколог</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borisova-80@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-145X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Преображенская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Preobrazhenskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Преображенская Елена Васильевна, начальник научно-образовательного отдела</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alenka_22@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-4539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефимов Дмитрий Николаевич, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-травматолог-ортопед; ассистент кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и экстремальной медицины</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">defimov84@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр травматологии, ортопедии и эндопротезирования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр травматологии, ортопедии и эндопротезирования; Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthetics; Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малюченко Л.И., Николаев Н.С., Любимова Л.В., Преображенская Е.В., Ефимов Д.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малюченко Л.И., Николаев Н.С., Любимова Л.В., Преображенская Е.В., Ефимов Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malyuchenko L.I., Nikolaev N.S., Lyubimova L.V., Preobrazhenskaya E.V., Efimov D.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/533">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/533</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Эндопротезирование – наиболее частый метод хирургического лечения пациентов с терминальной стадией артроза коленного сустава. От 2 до 7 % прооперированных занимают пациенты с ревматоидным артритом. Воспалительный процесс в суставе, низкий реабилитационный потенциал, длительная терапия гормональными и генно-инженерными биологическими препаратами, низкое качество кости формируют высокий риск развития перипротезной инфекции. У данной группы пациентов сапрофитный микроорганизм Candida albicans с большей частотой образует биопленки на компонентах эндопротезов, что представляет трудности в лечении перипротезной инфекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: демонстрация клинического случая и обоснование лечения перипротезной инфекции коленного сустава, вызванной Candida albicans, с помощью ревизионного имплантата с антибиопленочным покрытием.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Представлен клинический случай, оценены результаты обследования и лечения пациента 46 лет с вторичным гонартрозом на фоне ревматоидного артрита с развившейся перипротезной инфекцией. Хирургическое лечение проведено методом двухэтапной санации с применением в составе спейсера имплантата, покрытого двумерно-упорядоченным линейно-цепочечным углеродом, легированным серебром, на фоне этиотропного внутривенного введения флуконазола на этапах лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Вероятная причина развития грибковой перипротезной инфекции – снижение активности иммунной системы на фоне приёма цитостатиков и гормональных препаратов в сочетании с частым бесконтрольным приёмом антибактериальных препаратов по поводу инфекции мочеполовой системы. Выбор хирургической тактики в пользу двухэтапной ревизии обоснован выделением «difficult to treat» микроорганизма (Candida albicans). Cвоевременная диагностика и выбранный метод лечения в комплексе позволили достичь положительного исхода лечения грибковой перипротезной инфекции (отсутствие рецидива на сроке наблюдения 12 месяцев после второго этапа санации).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Клинический случай демонстрирует эффективность применения на этапе санации спейсера, покрытого двумерно-упорядоченным линейно-цепочечным углеродом, легированным серебром, для лечения перипротезной инфекции, вызванной «difficult to treat» микроорганизмом Candida albicans, способным к продуцированию биопленок.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Arthroplasty is the most common surgical treatment for patients with end-stage knee arthrosis. From 2 to 7% of those operated on are patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The inflammatory process in the joint, low rehabilitation potential, long-term therapy with hormonal and genetically engineered biological agents, poor bone quality form a high risk of periprosthetic infection. In this group of patients, the saprophytic microorganism Candida albicans more often forms biofilms on endoprosthesis components, which presents difficulties in the treatment of periprosthetic infection.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims: demonstration of a clinical case and rationale for the treatment of periprosthetic knee infection caused by Candida albicans using a revision implant with an anti-biofilm coating.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A clinical case presents the results of examination and treatment of a 46-year-old patient with secondary gonarthrosis on the background of rheumatoid arthritis with developed periprosthetic infection are evaluated. Surgical treatment was carried out by two-stage sanitation, using as part of the spacer an implant coated with silver-doped two-dimensionally ordered linear-chain carbon, against the background of etiotropic intravenous treatment with fluconazole.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The likely cause of the development of a fungal periprosthetic infection is a decrease in the activity of the immune system against the background of taking cytostatics and hormonal drugs in combination with the frequent uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs. The choice of surgical tactics in favor of a two-stage revision is justified by the isolation of a «difficult to treat» Candida albicans. Timely diagnosis and the chosen method of treatment in combination allowed to no recurrence during the observation period of 12 months after the 2nd stage of revision.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of a spacer coated with silver-doped two-dimensionally ordered linear-chain carbon at the stage of sanitation for the treatment of periprosthetic infection caused by the «difficult to treat» Candida albicans.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перипротезная инфекция</kwd><kwd>Candida albicans</kwd><kwd>двухэтапная ревизия</kwd><kwd>спейсер</kwd><kwd>углеродное покрытие</kwd><kwd>серебряное напыление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>periprosthetic infection</kwd><kwd>Candida albicans</kwd><kwd>two-stage revision</kwd><kwd>spacer</kwd><kwd>carbon coating</kwd><kwd>silver plating</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Середа А.П., Кочиш А.А., Черный А.А., Антипов А.П., Алиев А.Г, Вебер Е.В., Воронцова Т.Н., Божкова С.А., Шубняков И.И., Тихилов Р.М. Эпидемиология эндопротезирования тазобедренного и коленного суставов и перипротезной инфекции в Российской Федерации. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2021;27(3):84-93. https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2021-27-3-84-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sereda A.P., Kochish A.A., Chernyy A.A., Antipov A.P., Aliev A.G, Veber E.V., Vorontsova T.N., Bozhkova S.A., Shubnyakov I.I., Tikhilov R.M. Epidemiology of hip and knee arthroplasty and periprosthetic infection in the Russian Federation. Travmatologiya i ortopediya Rossii [Traumatology and Orthopedics in Russia]. 2021;27(3):84-93. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2021-27-3-84-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sloan M., Premkumar A., Sheth N.P. Projected Volume of Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in the U.S., 2014 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100(17):1455-1460. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.17.01617</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sloan M., Premkumar A., Sheth N.P. Projected Volume of Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty in the U.S., 2014 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100(17):1455-1460. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.17.01617</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jämsen E, Virta LJ, Hakala M, Kauppi MJ, Malmivaara A, Lehto MU. The decline in joint replacement surgery in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a concomitant increase in the intensity of anti-rheumatic therapy: a nationwide register-based study from 1995 through 2010. Acta Orthop. 2013 Aug;84(4):331-7. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2013.810519. Epub 2013 Jun 25. PMID: 23992137; PMCID: PMC3768029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jämsen E, Virta LJ, Hakala M, Kauppi MJ, Malmivaara A, Lehto MU. The decline in joint replacement surgery in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a concomitant increase in the intensity of anti-rheumatic therapy: a nationwide register-based study from 1995 through 2010. Acta Orthop. 2013 Aug;84(4):331-7. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453674.2013.810519. Epub 2013 Jun 25. PMID: 23992137; PMCID: PMC3768029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хлабошина В.Н., Амирджанова В.Н. Генно-инженерные биологические препараты при эндопротезировании суставов у больных ревматоидным артритом. Современная ревматология. 2014;(4):72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2014-4-72-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khlaboshina V.N., Amirdzhanova V.N. Genetically engineered biological preparations for joint arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sovremennaya revmatologiya [Modern rheumatology]. 2014;(4):72–75. (In Russ). http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2014-4-72-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harris WH, Sledge CB. Total hip and total knee replacement (2). N Engl J Med. 1990 Sep 20;323(12):801-7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199009203231206. PMID: 2136367</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harris WH, Sledge CB. Total hip and total knee replacement (2). N Engl J Med. 1990 Sep 20;323(12):801-7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199009203231206. PMID: 2136367</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Achkar JM, Fries BC. Candida infections of the genitourinary tract. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010 Apr;23(2):253-73. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00076-09. PMID: 20375352; PMCID: PMC2863365</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Achkar JM, Fries BC. Candida infections of the genitourinary tract. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010 Apr;23(2):253-73. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00076-09. PMID: 20375352; PMCID: PMC2863365</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calderone RA, Fonzi WA. Virulence factors of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol. 2001 Jul;9(7):327-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02094-7. PMID: 11435107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calderone RA, Fonzi WA. Virulence factors of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol. 2001 Jul;9(7):327-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02094-7. PMID: 11435107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wenzel RP. Nosocomial candidemia: risk factors and attributable mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Jun;20(6):1531-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.6.1531. PMID: 7548504</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wenzel RP. Nosocomial candidemia: risk factors and attributable mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Jun;20(6):1531-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.6.1531. PMID: 7548504</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kullberg BJ, Oude Lashof AM. Epidemiology of opportunistic invasive mycoses. Eur J Med Res. 2002 May 31;7(5):183-91. PMID: 12069910</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kullberg BJ, Oude Lashof AM. Epidemiology of opportunistic invasive mycoses. Eur J Med Res. 2002 May 31;7(5):183-91. PMID: 12069910</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O'Grady NP, Raad II, Rijnders BJ, Sherertz RJ, Warren DK. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Jul 1;49(1):1-45. https://doi.org/10.1086/599376. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 1;50(7):1079. Dosage error in article text. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1;50(3):457. PMID: 19489710; PMCID: PMC4039170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O'Grady NP, Raad II, Rijnders BJ, Sherertz RJ, Warren DK. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Jul 1;49(1):1-45. https://doi.org/10.1086/599376. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 1;50(7):1079. Dosage error in article text. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1;50(3):457. PMID: 19489710; PMCID: PMC4039170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andes DR, Safdar N, Baddley JW, Playford G, Reboli AC, Rex JH, Sobel JD, Pappas PG, Kullberg BJ; Mycoses Study Group. Impact of treatment strategy on outcomes in patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: a patient-level quantitative review of randomized trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;54(8):1110-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis021. Epub 2012 Mar 12. PMID: 22412055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andes DR, Safdar N, Baddley JW, Playford G, Reboli AC, Rex JH, Sobel JD, Pappas PG, Kullberg BJ; Mycoses Study Group. Impact of treatment strategy on outcomes in patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: a patient-level quantitative review of randomized trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;54(8):1110-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis021. Epub 2012 Mar 12. PMID: 22412055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кимайкина О.В., Найданов В.Ф., Бурков Д.В. [и др.] Грибковые инфекции суставов. Случаи из практики. Проблемы медицинской микологии. 2018; 20(№ 4):34-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kimaykina O.V., Naydanov V.F., Burkov D.V., et al. Fungal infections of the joints. Cases from practice. Problemy meditsinskoy mikologii [Problems of medical mycology]. 2018; 20(4):34-38. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phelan DM, Osmon DR, Keating MR, Hanssen AD. Delayed reimplantation arthroplasty for candidal prosthetic joint infection: a report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Apr 1;34(7):930-8. https://doi.org/10.1086/339212. Epub 2002 Feb 26. PMID: 11880958.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phelan DM, Osmon DR, Keating MR, Hanssen AD. Delayed reimplantation arthroplasty for candidal prosthetic joint infection: a report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Apr 1;34(7):930-8. https://doi.org/10.1086/339212. Epub 2002 Feb 26. PMID: 11880958.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Николаев Н.С., Любимова Л.В., Пчелова Н.Н., Преображенская Е.В., Алексеева А.В. Использование имплантатов с покрытием на основе двумерно-упорядоченного линейно-цепочечного углерода, легированного серебром, для лечения перипротезной инфекции. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2019;25(4):98-108. https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-4-98-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikolaev N.S., Lyubimova L.V., Pchelova N.N., Preobrazhenskaya E.V., Alekseeva A.V. Use of Implants Coated with Silver-Doped 2D-Ordered Linear-Chain Carbon for the Treatment of Periprosthetic Infection. Travmatologiya i ortopediya Rossii [Traumatology and Orthopedics in Russia]. 2019;25(4):98-108. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-4-98-108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slenker AK, Keith SW, Horn DL. Two hundred and eleven cases of Candida osteomyelitis: 17 case reports and a review of the literature. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 May;73(1):89-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.02.004. PMID: 22578942</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slenker AK, Keith SW, Horn DL. Two hundred and eleven cases of Candida osteomyelitis: 17 case reports and a review of the literature. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 May;73(1):89-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.02.004. PMID: 22578942</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
