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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2023.1.CLIN.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-607</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical medicine</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление широкого спектра мутаций гена BRAF для назначения таргетных препаратов для лечения меланомы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identifying a wide range of mutations in the BRAF gene for prescribing targeted drugs for melanoma treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тороповский</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropovskiy</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тороповский Андрей Николаевич, кандидат медицинских наук, генеральный директор,</p><p>Ульяновск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulyanovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">director@testgen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9762-3383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитин Алексей Георгиевич, кандидат биологических наук, советник по науке,</p><p>Ульяновск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulyanovsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-2554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solov'ev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьев Алексей Вячеславович, </p><p>руководитель отдела ПЦР-разработок,</p><p>Ульяновск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulyanovsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2993-4045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хузина</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khuzina</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хузина Рузалия Маратовна, младший научный сотрудник,</p><p>Ульяновск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulyanovsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8055-1958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Ольга Николаевна, доктор биологических наук, доцент научный сотрудник, Ульяновск;</p><p>заведующая кафедрой физиологии с курсом безопасности жизнедеятельности и медицины катастроф, Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulyanovsk;</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">casiopeya13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ЭС ДЖИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>"SJI"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ТЕСТГЕН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>TESTGEN</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ТЕСТГЕН»;&#13;
Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>TESTGEN;&#13;
Samara State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тороповский А.Н., Никитин А.Г., Соловьев А.В., Хузина Р.М., Павлова О.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тороповский А.Н., Никитин А.Г., Соловьев А.В., Хузина Р.М., Павлова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Toropovskiy A.N., Nikitin A.G., Solov'ev A.V., Khuzina R.M., Pavlova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/607">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/607</self-uri><abstract><p>Меланома – агрессивное злокачественное образование кожи и слизистых нейроэпителиальной природы, гетерогенное как по фенотипу, так и по молекулярно-генетическим характеристикам, с высоким риском прогрессирования и неуклонно растущей заболеваемостью примерно на 5 % в год. Развитие меланомы обусловлено как внешними (ультрафиолетовым облучением), так и внутренними факторами, основными среди которых являются мутации в онкогенах и генах-супрессорах опухолей. В 75 % случаев меланомы кожи наблюдается гиперактивация сигнального пути RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, и одним из его ключевых факторов является серинтреониновая киназа, кодируемая геном BRAF. Онкогенные мутации BRAF имитируют фосфорилирование активационной петли белка, что приводит к нахождению BRAF в постоянно активированном состоянии. Последующая работа MAPK сигнального пути в безостановочном режиме и потеря отрицательной обратной связи BRAF приводят к неконтролируемому росту и пролиферации клеток. Наиболее часто встречающимися мутациями в гене BRAF являются p.V600E (замена валина на глутаминовую кислоту), на чью долю приходится до 95 % случаев всех BRAF-мутантных меланом, и p.V600K (замена валина на лизин), которая может составлять до 20 % случаев и более. Разработка неселективных и селективных ингибиторов мутантного белка BRAF делают мутацию в данном гене предиктивным маркером ответа и эффективности применяемой таргетной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy of the skin and mucosa of neuroepithelial nature, heterogeneous both in phenotype and molecular genetic characteristics, with a high risk of progression and a steadily increasing incidence of about 5% a year. The development of melanoma is due to both external (UV exposure) and internal factors, the main ones being mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Hyperactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signalling pathway is observed in 75% of skin melanoma cases, and one of its key factors is serine threonine kinase encoded by BRAF gene. Oncogenic mutations of BRAF mimic the phosphorylation of the activation loop of the protein, which results in BRAF being in a permanently activated state. Subsequent operation of the MAPK signalling pathway in a non-stop mode and loss of BRAF negative feedback leads to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. The most common mutations in the BRAF gene are p.V600E (valine replacement for glutamic acid), which accounts for up to 95% of all BRAF-mutant melanomas, and p.V600K (valine replacement for lysine), which can account for up to 20% of cases or more. Development of non-selective and selective inhibitors of mutant BRAF protein make mutation in this gene a predictive marker of response and efficacy of targeted therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>таргетные препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melanoma</kwd><kwd>BRAF</kwd><kwd>targeted drugs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erdmann F, Lortet-Tieulent J, Schuz J, et al. 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