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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2023.1.TX.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-686</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Донорство и трансплантация органов и тканей</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Organ and tissue donation and transplantation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вопросы тактики интенсивной терапии и трансплантации печени при фульминантной печёночной недостаточности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of intensive care and liver transplantation tactics in fulminant liver failure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1749-2086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агумава</surname><given-names>Л. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agumava</surname><given-names>L. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агумава Лаура Уласиевна, врач-хирург, аспирант научного отделения трансплантации печени</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-0855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуляев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulyaev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуляев Владимир Алексеевич, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2305-4055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луцык</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lutsyk</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Луцык Константин Николаевич, заведующий отделением трансплантации печени</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-5581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олисов</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olisov</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олисов Олег Даниелович, старший научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени; доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1117-7883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметшин</surname><given-names>Р. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmetshin</surname><given-names>R. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахметшин Равиль Борисович, врач-хирург отделения трансплантации печени</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-6628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магомедов Кубай Магомедович, научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-4818</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казымов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazymov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казымов Бахтияр Исметович, научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-0927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмедов</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmedov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахмедов Амир Русланович, научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-7038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алекберов</surname><given-names>К. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekberov</surname><given-names>K. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алекберов Кямран Файгович, научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-8675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яремин</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaremin</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яремин Борис Иванович, научный сотрудник отделения трансплантации печени; доцент кафедры трансплантологии и искусственных органов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b.i.yaremin@reaviz.online</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-7914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новрузбеков</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novruzbekov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новрузбеков Мурад Сафтарович, руководитель научного отделения трансплантации печени; заведующий кафедрой трансплантологии и искусственных органов</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского, центр трансплантации печени</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Ambulance them. N.V. Sklifosovsky, liver transplant center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского, центр трансплантации печени; РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова, кафедра трансплантологии и искусственных органов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Ambulance them. N.V. Sklifosovsky, liver transplant center; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Агумава Л.У., Гуляев В.А., Луцык К.Н., Олисов О.Д., Ахметшин Р.Б., Магомедов К.М., Казымов Б.И., Ахмедов А.Р., Алекберов К.Ф., Яремин Б.И., Новрузбеков М.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агумава Л.У., Гуляев В.А., Луцык К.Н., Олисов О.Д., Ахметшин Р.Б., Магомедов К.М., Казымов Б.И., Ахмедов А.Р., Алекберов К.Ф., Яремин Б.И., Новрузбеков М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Agumava L.U., Gulyaev V.A., Lutsyk K.N., Olisov O.D., Akhmetshin R.B., Magomedov K.M., Kazymov B.I., Akhmedov A.R., Alekberov K.F., Yaremin B.I., Novruzbekov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/686">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/686</self-uri><abstract><p>Фульминантную печёночную недостаточность обычно характеризуют как тяжёлое острое повреждение печени с энцефалопатией и нарушением синтетической функции (международное нормализованное отношение [МНО] ≥1,5) у пациента без цирроза или предшествующего заболевания печени. Ведение пациентов с острой печёночной недостаточностью включает обеспечение ухода за пациентом в надлежащих условиях, наблюдение за ухудшением состояния печёночной недостаточности, лечение осложнений и обеспечение нутритивной поддержки. Пациентов с острой печёночной недостаточностью следует по возможности лечить в центре трансплантации печени. Серийные лабораторные тесты используются для наблюдения за течением печёночной недостаточности у пациента и для наблюдения за осложнениями. Необходимо ежедневно контролировать уровень аминотрансфераз и билирубина в сыворотке. Проводить более частый мониторинг (3–4 раза в день) параметров свертывания крови, общего анализа крови, метаболических панелей и газов артериальной крови. При некоторых причинах острой печёночной недостаточности, таких как интоксикация ацетаминофеном, лечение, направленное на основную причину, может предотвратить необходимость трансплантации печени и снизить смертность. Не было показано, что лактулоза улучшает общие результаты, и она вызывает вздутие кишечника, что может привести к техническим трудностям во время трансплантации печени. В начале течения острой печёночной недостаточности признаки и симптомы отёка головного мозга могут отсутствовать или их трудно обнаружить. Осложнения отёка головного мозга включают повышение внутричерепного давления и грыжу ствола мозга. Общие меры по предотвращению повышения внутричерепного давления включают минимизацию стимуляции, поддержание соответствующего баланса жидкости и приподнятие изголовья кровати пациента. Для пациентов с высоким риском развития отёка мозга мы также предлагаем профилактическое лечение гипертоническим раствором (3 %) с целевым уровнем натрия в сыворотке от 145 до 155 мЭкв/л (уровень 2C). В группу высокого риска входят пациенты с энцефалопатией IV степени, высоким уровнем аммиака (&gt;150 мкмоль/л) или острой почечной недостаточностью, а также пациенты, которым требуется вазопрессорная поддержка. Приблизительно 40 % пациентов с острой печёночной недостаточностью выздоравливают спонтанно при поддерживающей терапии. Были разработаны прогностические модели, помогающие выявить пациентов, у которых маловероятно спонтанное выздоровление, поскольку решение о возможности проведения трансплантации печени частично зависит от вероятности спонтанного восстановления печени. Тем не менее, среди тех, кто получает трансплантацию, однолетняя выживаемость превышает 80 %, что делает данный способ лечения способом выбора у этой сложной категории пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Fulminant liver failure is usually characterized as severe acute liver injury with encephalopathy and synthetic dysfunction (international normalized ratio [INR] ≥1.5) in a patient without cirrhosis or previous liver disease. Management of patients with acute liver failure includes ensuring that the patient is cared for appropriately, monitoring for worsening liver failure, managing complications, and providing nutritional support. Patients with acute liver failure should be treated at a liver transplant center whenever possible. Serial laboratory tests are used to monitor the course of a patient's liver failure and to monitor for complications. It is necessary to monitor the level of aminotransferases and bilirubin in serum daily. More frequent monitoring (three to four times a day) of blood coagulation parameters, complete blood count, metabolic panels, and arterial blood gases should be performed. For some causes of acute liver failure, such as acetaminophen intoxication, treatment directed at the underlying cause may prevent the need for liver transplantation and reduce mortality. Lactulose has not been shown to improve overall outcomes, and it can lead to intestinal distention, which can lead to technical difficulties during liver transplantation. Early in acute liver failure, signs and symptoms of cerebral edema may be absent or difficult to detect. Complications of cerebral edema include increased intracranial pressure and herniation of the brain stem. General measures to prevent increased intracranial pressure include minimizing stimulation, maintaining an appropriate fluid balance, and elevating the head of the patient's bed. For patients at high risk of developing cerebral edema, we also offer hypertonic saline prophylaxis (3%) with a target serum sodium level of 145 to 155 mEq/L (level 2C). High-risk patients include patients with grade IV encephalopathy, high ammonia levels (&gt;150 µmol/L), or acute renal failure, and patients requiring vasopressor support. Approximately 40 % of patients with acute liver failure recover spontaneously with supportive care. Predictive models have been developed to help identify patients who are unlikely to recover spontaneously, as the decision to undergo liver transplant depends in part on the likelihood of spontaneous recovery of the liver. However, among those who receive a transplant, the one-year survival rate exceeds 80 %, making this treatment the treatment of choice in this difficult patient population.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фульминантная печёночная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>трансплантация печени</kwd><kwd>печёночная энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>интенсивная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fulminant liver failure</kwd><kwd>liver transplant</kwd><kwd>hepatic encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>intensive therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee WM, Stravitz RT, Larson AM. Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Position Paper on acute liver failure 2011. Hepatology 2012;55:965.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee WM, Stravitz RT, Larson AM. 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