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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmireaviz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и Здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-762X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РЕАВИЗ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/vmi-rvz.2023.4.TX.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmireaviz-711</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Донорство и трансплантация органов и тканей</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Organ and tissue donation and transplantation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перспективы лечения прогрессирующих форм рассеяного склероза трасплантацией стволовых клеток (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prospects of treatment of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis by transplantation of stem cells (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-0793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сороковикова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokovikova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сороковикова Татьяна Викторовна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры неврологии, реабилитации и нейрохирургии.</p><p>Ул. Советская, д. 4, Тверь, 170100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana V. Sorokovikova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery.</p><p>4 Soviet str., Tver, 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyakmariah@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-5379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Артем Михайлович - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии.</p><p>Ул. Советская, д. 4, Тверь, 170100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem M. Morozov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of General Surgery.</p><p>4 Soviet str., Tver, 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ammorozovv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5289-6856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюкова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крюкова Анастасия Николаевна - студентка 4 курса лечебного факультета.</p><p>Ул. Советская, д. 4, Тверь, 170100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya N. Kryukova - 4th year student of the Faculty of Medicine.</p><p>4 Soviet str., Tver, 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyakmariah@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5460-0716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наумова София Александровна - студентка 4 курса лечебного факультета.</p><p>Ул. Советская, д. 4, Тверь, 170100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofiya A. Naumova - 4th year student of the Faculty of Medicine.</p><p>4 Soviet str., Tver, 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyakmariah@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6125-7676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляк</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyak</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляк Мария Александровна - студентка 5 курса лечебного факультета.</p><p>Ул. Советская, д. 4, Тверь, 170100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Belyak - 5th year student of the Faculty of Medicine.</p><p>4 Soviet str., Tver, 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyakmariah@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тверской государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сороковикова Т.В., Морозов А.М., Крюкова А.Н., Наумова С.А., Беляк М.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сороковикова Т.В., Морозов А.М., Крюкова А.Н., Наумова С.А., Беляк М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sorokovikova T.V., Morozov A.M., Kryukova A.N., Naumova S.A., Belyak M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/711">https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/711</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Рассеянный склероз является глобальной медико-социальной проблемой современности. В первую очередь это связано со снижением числа трудоспособного населения в связи с дебютом заболевания в 20-40 лет, неуклонным прогрессированием, появлением стойкой неврологической симптоматики и инвалидности. Терапия препаратами, изменяющими течение рассеянного склероза, не всегда оказывается эффективной для прогрессирующих форм заболевания. Ведётся большое количество клинических испытаний современных лекарственных средств и методик, воздействующих на основные звенья патогенеза, направленных на уменьшение имеющегося неврологического дефицита и борьбу с дальнейшим прогрессированием. Одним из многообещающих и потенциально эффективных методов является трансплантация стволовых клеток.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести анализ зарубежных публикаций по использованию стволовых клеток для лечения рассеянного склероза: оценить возможность, безопасность и перспективы применения трансплантации стволовых клеток у пациентов с прогрессирующей формой течения рассеянного склероза, резистентных к стандартной терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ходе настоящего исследования был произведён поиск зарубежных научных статей в базах данных «Elibrary», «PubMed», «Cochrane Library». Выполнен анализ и обобщены данные об основных этиопатогенетических механизмах развития рассеянного склероза и методах воздействия на них, об альтернативных способах лечения рассеянного склероза, свойствах различных видов стволовых клеток, методах проведения трансплантации, результатов открытых клинических испытаний трансплантации стволовых клеток пациентам с рассеянным склерозом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Терапия стволовыми клетками может быть использована в качестве альтернативного метода лечения прогрессирующих форм рассеянного склероза. Для клинического применения рассматриваются несколько типов стволовых клеток, обладающих индивидуальными свойствами и преимуществами. Выделяются аутологичные гемопоэтические, мезенхимальные, нейрональные, эмбриональные и индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки. Наибольший терапевтический потенциал в клинических испытаниях продемонстрировали мезенхимальные и гемопоэтические стволовые клетки. Доказана безопасность и хорошая переносимость трансплантации данных типов клеток, однако эффективность остаётся под вопросом. Клинические улучшения чаще наблюдались у пациентов более молодого возраста, с длительностью заболевания менее 10 лет, неэффективностью не более чем в двух предыдущих методах лечения, модифицирующих заболевание, и имеющих более низкий базовый показатель EDSS.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Трансплантация стволовых клеток действительно является перспективным методом и может произвести переворот в стратегии лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Клинически подтверждённая безопасность и эффективность позволяют изменить подход к терапии в отношении прогрессирующего течения рассеянного склероза, проводить крупные многоцентровые клинические испытания для включения метода в стандарты лечения. Появившаяся возможность остановить прогрессирование и пролонгировать безрецидивный период позволяет в ближайшем будущем исключить необходимость приёма препаратов, изменяющих течение рассеянного склероза, снизить их побочное влияние на организм и вернуть пациентов к прежней жизни. Полноценный клинический эффект трансплантации ещё предстоит продемонстрировать дальнейшим исследованиям.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Multiple sclerosis is a global medical and social problem of our time. This is due to a decrease in the number of able-bodied population due to the onset of the disease in 20-40 years, steady progression, the appearance of persistent neurological symptoms and disability. Therapy with drugs that change the course of multiple sclerosis is not always effective for progressive forms of the disease. There are a large number of clinical trials of modern medicines and techniques that affect the main links of pathogenesis, aimed at combating further progression and reducing the existing neurological deficit. One of the promising and potentially effective methods is stem cell transplantation.</p></sec><sec><title>The purpose of study</title><p>The purpose of study. To analyze foreign publications on the use of stem cells for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: to assess the possibility, safety and prospects of using stem cell transplantation in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis resistant to standard therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In the course of this study, foreign scientific articles were searched in the databases "Elibrary", "PubMed", "Cochrane Library". The analysis and generalization of data on the main etiopathogenetic mechanisms of multiple sclerosis development and methods of influencing them, on alternative methods of treating multiple sclerosis, properties of different types of stem cells, methods of transplantation, results of open clinical trials of stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple sclerosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Stem cell therapy can be used as an alternative method of treating progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. Several types of stem cells with individual properties and advantages were considered for clinical use. Autologous hematopoietic, mesenchymal, neuronal, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are distinguished. Mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells have demonstrated the greatest therapeutic potential in clinical trials. The safety and good tolerability of transplantation of these cell types have been proven, but the effectiveness remains controversial. Clinical improvements were more often observed in patients of younger age, with a disease duration of less than 10, inefficiency in no more than two previous methods of treatment modifying the disease, and having a lower baseline EDSS score.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Stem cell transplantation is indeed a promising method and can revolutionize the treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Clinically proven safety and efficacy make it possible to change the approach to therapy in relation to the progressive course of multiple sclerosis, to conduct large multicenter clinical trials to include the method in the treatment standards. The opportunity to stop the progression and prolong the relapse-free period makes it possible in the near future to eliminate the need to take drugs that change the course of multiple sclerosis, reduce their side effects on the body and return patients to their former lives. The full clinical effect of transplantation has yet to be demonstrated by further studies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клинические исследования</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>трансплантация стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clinical studies</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research received no external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger Т, Adamczyk-Sowa М, Csepany Т, et al. 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