vmireavizВестник медицинского института «РЕАВИЗ». Реабилитация, Врач и ЗдоровьеBulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH)2226-762X2782-1579РЕАВИЗvmireaviz-8Research ArticleКлиническая медицинаClinical medicineИсторические аспекты развития хирургического лечения рака прямой кишки (обзор литературы)HIstorical aspects of surgical treatment for colorectal cancer (literature review)ДмитриевА. В.DmitrievA. V.

Дмитриев Андрей Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры хирургических болезней № 2

Ростов-на-Дону

ГрошилинВ. С.GroshilinV. S.

Грошилин Виталий Сергеевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой хирургических болезней № 2

Ростов-на-Дону

СмолькинаА. В.SmolkinaA. V.

Смолькина Антонина Васильевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей и оперативной хирургии с топографической анатомией и курсом стоматологии медицинского факультета им. Т.З. Биктимирова, института медицины, экологии и физической культуры

Ульяновск

АфунцЛ. С.AfuntsL. S.

Афунц Лилия Самвеловна, аспирант кафедры хирургических болезней № 2

Ростов-на-Дону

КозыревскийМ. А.KozyrevskiyM. A.

Козыревский Михаил Александрович, ассистент кафедры оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии

Ростов-на-Дону

УрюпинаА. А.UryupinaA. A.

Урюпина Анастасия Александровна, врач-колопроктолог, МБУЗ «Городская больница № 6

Ростов-на-Дону

ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет»РоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education ‘Rostov State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный университет»РоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education ‘Ulyanovsk State University'Russian Federation202024112020013545Copyright © Дмитриев А.В., Грошилин В.С., Смолькина А.В., Афунц Л.С., Козыревский М.А., Урюпина А.А., 20202020Дмитриев А.В., Грошилин В.С., Смолькина А.В., Афунц Л.С., Козыревский М.А., Урюпина А.А.Dmitriev A.V., Groshilin V.S., Smolkina A.V., Afunts L.S., Kozyrevskiy M.A., Uryupina A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.reaviz.ru/jour/article/view/8

История развития хирургии рака прямой кишки насчитывает более 200 лет. За этот период отмечено множество этапов, которые связаны не только с изучением топографо-анатомических особенностей и совершенствованием оперативной техники, но и с внедрением современной медицинской аппаратуры. Тактика диагностики и техника хирургического лечения рака прямой кишки в течение последних нескольких десятилетий подлежит непрерывному изучению и совершенствованию. Интерес к данной проблеме продиктован увеличением частоты встречаемости данной патологии и развитию новых технологических подходов. Основной направленностью в изучении подлежит не только возможность обеспечения выздоровления пациента, но и сохранение должного качества жизни. Улучшение качества лечения достигается при изучении хирургической анатомии прямой кишки, морфологической структуры опухоли, факторов риска и путей метастазирования, клинического течения заболевания при разных степенях развития патологического процесса. Несмотря на значительные успехи в хирургии рака прямой кишки, остается множество нерешенных и спорных вопросов, касающихся не только мер по снижению количества послеоперационных осложнений, но и увеличение доли сфинктеросохраняющих операций при одновременном соблюдении всех принципов радикальности вмешательства.

The history of rectal cancer surgery dates back more than 200 years. This period encompasses many stages associated not only with the investigation of topographic and anatomical features and improvement of surgical techniques, but also with the implementation of modern medical equipment. Diagnostic tactics and surgical techniques for rectal cancer have been continuously studied and improved over the past several decades. This problem tends to be of particular interest due to an increased incidence of this disease and development of new technological approaches. Current studies are focused not only on patient's recovery, but also on the preservation of the good quality of life. An improvement in the quality of treatment is achieved by studying the surgical anatomy of the rectum, tumor morphological structure, risk factors, pathways of metastasis, and clinical course of the disease at different stages. Despite significant advances in rectal cancer surgery, there are still many unaddressed and controversial issues related not only to measures aimed to reduce the number of postoperative complications, but also wide implementation of sphincter-sparing surgeries along with following all the principles of radical intervention.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.