Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of varicosis

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of the lower extremities is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, – asymptomatic manifestation in the stage of compensation, after a decade it acquires the shape of decompensation, aggravating complications. This disease is associated with a deterioration in the standard of living and working capacity of patients, is of particular social and economic importance. Varicose veins are a consequence of CVI, therefore, can be prevented in the early stages, through preventive measures. However, VVV is most often detected at later stages.

The aim of this study is to determine the most significant risk factors for the development of varicose veins, including the peculiarity of the influence of gender.

Material and methods. A survey of 470 people was conducted, and a statistical analysis of the results was carried out.

Results. The prevalence of varicose veins is distributed as follows: from 18 to 35 years – in 2.1 % of women, from 36 to 65 years – in 16 %, over 65 years – in 20.3 %. It can be noted that the increase in incidence increases with an increase in the age category, reaching significant values in the range from 36 to 65 years in women. This disease is more commonly diagnosed in women who have a hereditary predisposition to it. Alcohol consumption and being overweight had a lesser effect on the onset of symptoms. There is a high percentage of morbidity among workers who spend a long time at work in a static position (6 % spend time standing or sitting). Among them, 44.7 % of women have a hereditary predisposition with diagnosed VVV in 14.9 % of cases, with signs of VVV class C1 and higher – 23.4 %.

Findings. Women who have a hereditary predisposition to the disease and spend most of their time in a static position were at greater risk of developing varicose veins. Another predisposing factor was smoking among the respondents who did not have a genetic predisposition. As a preventive measure to maintain health, the greatest preference is given to regular walking and rest with the position of the legs located above the level of the heart. However, there is a significant number of women who do not carry out any preventive measures; more active sanitary and educational work should be carried out in these groups.

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