The paper assessed various signs of lung tissue damage and the extent of its damage using automatic and empirical methods on CT of the chest organs in pneumonia caused by COVID-19. We analyzed 198 CT scans of the chest of patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia of varying severity. The visual assessment was performed by a radiologist with 8 years of experience in thoracic radiology. The presence of CT patterns was assessed: ground-glass opacities, consolidation, reticular changes, “crazy paving”. Automatic analysis of CT scans performed in the “service of automatic diagnosis of patients with COVID-19”, which is determined by the amount of light and the amount of “ground glass” and consolidation. The automated analysis of computed tomograms was carried out in the “Service for automatic assessment of the severity of lung injury in patients with COVID-19”, which determined the volume of the lungs, the volume of the lesion “frosted glass” and consolidation. The average lesion volume in all groups was 19.1 % according to visual analysis. According to automatic analysis, the prevalence was 11.1 %. The visual assessment of the volume of the lesion is more pronounced compared with the automated assessment, in which the information is more objective.

Due to the pandemic pneumonia caused by COVID-19, computed tomography (CT) has come to be considered the best imaging modality commonly used for early diagnosis and management of patients with Covid19 pneumonia. During the pandemic, the global health care workload increased significantly, and there was a significant increase in thoracic CT studies. Analysis and documentation of such images has become a routine process of assessing the presence and size of typical patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia, which with multiplicity of studies and short time, resembles screening diagnostics. Nevertheless, cases of primary detection of additional pathology against the background of pneumonia are not uncommon in practice. This article presents 3 clinical examples of additional pathology detection in the clinical and radiological picture of COVID-19 pneumonia.

The article gives the prognosis of obtaining (forming, growing) a dental rudiment on the material “LitAr” for the purpose of implantation into the alveolar process of the jaw after the loss of a permanent tooth regardless of the age of the patient. The procedure should consist of two steps: 1) autonomous cultivation (formation) of a tooth rudiment; and 2) implantation of the resulting rudiment in place of the lost permanent tooth.

The work is devoted to the experimental substantiation of the techniques for fixing tissue-engineered structures on the surface of the hyaline cartilage in the experiment.

The review of the literature is devoted to the methods of complicated wounds treatment in patients with breast cancer. The main reasons of non-healing wounds after the radical mastectomy are studied; the general principles of chronic wounds treatment and the main ways of solving this problem are also studied.

On the basis of clinical experience of making anastomoses by apparatus and manual methods the comparative analysis of complications in the form of anastomosis failure during operations on the colon in cancer patients performed by both open and video endoscopic methods was carried out.

The article provides a detailed description of methods and devices for fixation mesh implants used for ventral hernia repair. An illustrated description of the implant fixation technique for laparoscopic IPOM surgery is given.

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of the lower extremities is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum, – asymptomatic manifestation in the stage of compensation, after a decade it acquires the shape of decompensation, aggravating complications. This disease is associated with a deterioration in the standard of living and working capacity of patients, is of particular social and economic importance. Varicose veins are a consequence of CVI, therefore, can be prevented in the early stages, through preventive measures. However, VVV is most often detected at later stages.

The aim of this study is to determine the most significant risk factors for the development of varicose veins, including the peculiarity of the influence of gender.

Material and methods. A survey of 470 people was conducted, and a statistical analysis of the results was carried out.

Results. The prevalence of varicose veins is distributed as follows: from 18 to 35 years – in 2.1 % of women, from 36 to 65 years – in 16 %, over 65 years – in 20.3 %. It can be noted that the increase in incidence increases with an increase in the age category, reaching significant values in the range from 36 to 65 years in women. This disease is more commonly diagnosed in women who have a hereditary predisposition to it. Alcohol consumption and being overweight had a lesser effect on the onset of symptoms. There is a high percentage of morbidity among workers who spend a long time at work in a static position (6 % spend time standing or sitting). Among them, 44.7 % of women have a hereditary predisposition with diagnosed VVV in 14.9 % of cases, with signs of VVV class C1 and higher – 23.4 %.

Findings. Women who have a hereditary predisposition to the disease and spend most of their time in a static position were at greater risk of developing varicose veins. Another predisposing factor was smoking among the respondents who did not have a genetic predisposition. As a preventive measure to maintain health, the greatest preference is given to regular walking and rest with the position of the legs located above the level of the heart. However, there is a significant number of women who do not carry out any preventive measures; more active sanitary and educational work should be carried out in these groups.

The article presents a clinical case of difficult verification of pulmonary embolism severity and difficulty of choosing a treatment option for a patient with this disease.

The work includes the published results of domestic and foreign studies on the course and correction of post-embolization syndrome that occurs after embolization of the uterine arteries in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids. The articles were searched in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and еLibrary databases.

Aim. To determine the changes of parameters of heart biomechanics and kinetics of arteries, to reveal the adverse events of first post-extrasystolic contraction.

Materials and methods. In our investigation we included 286 patients. We excluded all the main traditional risk factors of the atherosclerosis. All the patients were branched into two main groups in accordance to the quantity of extrasystoles per 24 hours: I group – less than 3000, II group – more than 3000 extrasystoles per 24 hours. We took the data about complaints, anamnesis, made laboratory and instrumental investigations to reveal the character and severity of atherosclerotic process.

Results. We determined that the atherosclerotic process was more advanced and more often in the group II. Also the atherosclerosis was more severe in patients with extrasystoles in the phase of cardiocycle before opening of the mitral valve and before the transmitral blood flow peak. The parameters (acceleration, speed, power, work) that were calculated by apexcardiography and sphygmography increased with the further tendency: if earlier extrasystole appears in cardiocycle, than more changes were observed.

Conclusion. The first post-extrasystolic contraction causes the increase of all parameters of heart biomechanics and kinetics of vessels and can be an additional factor of progressing of atherosclerosis.

Manifest hypothyroidism occurs in more than 5 % of the population, while prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is much higher and reaches 15 %. In the practice of an endocrinologist, in most cases, the diagnosis and treatment of manifest hypothyroidism does not raise questions, while subclinical changes in thyroid hormones quite often generate a lot of discussions. The generally accepted reference range for TSH up to 4.50 μIU / ml is in conflict with data showing that more than 95 % of healthy people with euthyroidism have serum TSH levels up to 2.5 μIU / ml. At the same time, a lot of data has been accumulated on the effect of even slightly altered levels of thyroid hormones and TSH on various tissues, organs and systems of the body, especially on the cardiovascular, nervous and reproductive systems. This review analyzes the results of studies aimed at studying the relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, cognitive disorders, pathology of pregnant women.

The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of clinical and allergic characteristics of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Samara over the past 5 years. Clinical and allergological examination was performed in 1526 patients from 2012 to 2018. For skin prick testing, 16 names of standard allergens were used. In 2018, the most common forms of AR were seasonal – 40.7 % and combined (seasonal and perennial) forms of AR – 39.8 %. Over the past 5 years, there has been a 1.5-fold increase in seasonal forms of AR (pollinosis). The structure of sensitization revealed an increase in pollen allergy from 39.2 % to 50.6 %, and a decrease in the level of hypersensitivity to epidermal allergens from 29.9 % to 14.5 %. Sensitization to weeds remains dominant in patients with pollinosis and ranges from 82.8 % to 75.2 % in 2012 and 2018, respectively. The predominance of polysensitization to different groups of allergens over monosensitization remains: 55.8 % and 44.2 %, respectively.

The article discusses etiological factors, pathogenesis, features of clinical manifestations, optimization of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of exudative erythema multiforme of the oral cavity. Currently, such pathological changes in the oral cavity are insufficiently studied and remain relevant in modern dentistry. Promising approaches to the successful treatment of this disease involve the implementation of additional examination and joint treatment with related specialists. Numerous studies of domestic and foreign authors demonstrate that special attention is paid to the prevention of re-morbidity of exudative erythema multiforme, aimed at preventing the occurrence of lesions of the oral mucosa.

The implementation of organ transplantation programs in our country is far from perfect. Many regions do not have transplantation centers, in many regions the work on organ donation is not carried out. Intensification of this vital work is of key importance – the need for organ transplantation remains unfulfilled in many regions of the Russian Federation by 70–90 %. The activity on organ donation must be realized with strict administrative control and administrative stimulation. It does not represent the sphere of interests of particular transplantologists. It is a strategically important task, the implementation of which should be carried out at the state level. The key importance in the implementation of organ transplantation program is the hospital where the potential donor is located, identified and accompanied. In the literature and daily practice the outdated term “donor base” is often used, the use of which we consider unacceptable. The donor hospital is a spring, a source of life, the work in which has a key, starting character.

The article describes the device and possibilities of application of the original device developed by us for simulation of intra-arterial circulation. The principles of operation of the device, a wide range of experimental and clinical studies in which it can be applied are outlined. The use of this useful model is illustrated by clinical examples.