Anti-tuberculosis therapeutic vaccines and immunological diagnostic methods (literature review)

A systematic review of the literature sources contained in the RSCI, PubMed, and Scopus databases from 1947 to 2025 was conducted using the keywords: "BCG", "tuberculosis immunoprophylaxis", "tuberculosis vaccine", "tuberculosis immunodiagnostics". The study included 100 of the most significant publications on this issue. Tuberculosis infection prevention is one of the least used, but an essential component of curbing the tuberculosis epidemic. Vaccination, screening for tuberculosis infection and the provision of preventive treatment are key elements of tuberculosis prevention among the population. In this paper, we reviewed the history of the BCG vaccine and its current importance in clinical practice, as well as promising new TB vaccines. In addition, much attention is paid to the possibilities of immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in modern conditions. 

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