Emergency care for patients with various oncopathologies

Relevance. The complexity of systemic treatment of cancer patients, especially in the geriatric population, in conditions of decompensation of the pathological process with the development of emergency conditions, require specialized care. To assess the nature and scope of emergency surgical care for complications of the chest organs in patients with various oncopathologies.
Object and methods. The study included 217 patients in 2024, admitted to the institute with various oncopathologies (33 – to the shock room and 184 – to the thoracic department), requiring diagnostics and various emergency care.
Results. Manifestations of complications of cancer of various localizations, their diagnosis and treatment are shown. By the nature of the complications, the following are distinguished: secondary complications of the chest organs, esophagus (associated with compression of organs, the presence of metastases, obstruction of the lumen due to the spread of the oncological process), inflammatory complications, hemoptysis, pulmonary hemorrhage and cardiovascular complications. The main method for diagnosing complications is X-ray examination and computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast enhancement, FBS, esophagoscopy, on the basis of which, and the clinical picture data, the treatment tactics are determined. Emergency care was provided based on the examination results and the use of minimally invasive, endoscopic, videoscopic, open surgical interventions and conservative management for treatment. The indication for angiography and the need for endovascular embolization was bleeding that did not respond to conservative management.
Conclusions. Treatment of structural focal changes, inflammatory processes, pulmonary hemorrhages, cardiovascular complications in cancer patients is based on the use of minimally invasive, endoscopic (stenting), videothoracoscopic, angiography and embolization, conservative management and, in only a number of cases, open interventions.

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