Агглютинация латексных микросфер как метод функциональной оценки иммунореактивности и дифференциации терапией-индуцированных гуморальных ответов

Системная активация гуморального иммунитета наблюдается при злокачественных новообразованиях, аутоиммунных заболеваниях, инфекциях и во время беременности, однако её количественная оценка с помощью простых лабораторных методов остаётся затруднительной. Мы разработали быстрый и недорогой латекс-агглютинационный тест (ЛАТ) как антиген-независимый сенсор системной гуморальной активации. Метод основан на визуальной регистрации агглютинации непокрытых латексных микросфер диаметром 2 мкм сывороточными антителами и предоставляет полуколичественный титр (наибольшее разведение с видимой агглютинацией). Были исследованы сыворотки онкологических пациентов, беременных женщин и здоровых добровольцев. Непокрытые микросферы выявляли повышенную системную активность в отдельных группах: при раке молочной железы (n=11) у 73% пациентов сохранялись низкие титры (≤1:8), тогда как у 27% отмечался терапией-ассоциированный подъём до 1:64; у пациентов с HER2-позитивными опухолями фиксировались транзиторные или стойкие повышения на фоне таргетной терапии, а при лечении комбинацией ингибитора CDK4/6 и эндокринной терапии наблюдалось отсроченное нарастание. У беременных женщин регистрировались высокие титры (1:32–1:64), у здоровых добровольцев реакция отсутствовала. Эти данные указывают, что ЛАТ обеспечивая функциональную оценку степени «интенсивность иммунной активности» и позволяет отличать терапией-обусловленное усиление гуморального ответа, поддерживая использование теста как универсального серологического маркера, дополняющего антиген-специфические методы в клинической и исследовательской практике.

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