Факторы риска развития посттрансплантационного сахарного диабета у реципиентов печеночного и почечного трансплантата

Посттрансплантационный сахарный диабет представляет собой одно из наиболее распространённых метаболических нарушений, развивающихся у реципиентов печени и почек при отсутствии предшествующего диабета. Данное осложнение характеризуется значительным влиянием на течение посттрансплантационного периода, приводя к повышению частоты инфекционных и сердечнососудистых событий. Современные исследования подтверждают, что наличие посттрансплантационного сахарного диабета ухудшает долгосрочные исходы трансплантации, включая снижение функции трансплантата и повышение риска летальности, что подчёркивает необходимость раннего выявления пациентов с повышенным метаболическим риском и оптимизации профилактических мер. К числу наиболее значимых факторов риска развития посттрансплантационного сахарного диабета относят пожилой возраст, повышенный индекс массы тела, дислипидемию, хронические вирусные инфекции, а также применение диабетогенных иммуносупрессивных препаратов. Многофакторность посттрансплантационного сахарного диабета обусловливает необходимость тщательной систематизации имеющихся данных, что обеспечивает возможность более целостного анализа механизмов его возникновения. Однако отсутствие стандартизированных подходов к раннему выявлению и стратификации риска по-прежнему ограничивает эффективность клинического ведения пациентов. Цель настоящего обзора заключается в систематизации данных о факторах риска посттрансплантационного сахарного диабета и анализе современных методов его ранней диагностики у реципиентов печени и почек. 

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