Risk factors for the development of posttransplant diabetes mellitus in recipients of liver and kidney transplants

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders developing in liver and kidney recipients without prior diabetes. This complication has a significant impact on the course of the post-transplant period, leading to an increase in the frequency of infectious and cardiovascular events. Recent studies confirm that the presence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus worsens long-term transplant outcomes, including reduced graft function and increased risk of mortality, which highlights the need for early identification of patients with increased metabolic risk and optimization of preventive measures. The most significant risk factors for the development of post-transplant diabetes mellitus include advanced age, increased body mass index, dyslipidemia, chronic viral infections, and the use of diabetogenic immunosuppressive drugs. The multifactorial nature of post-transplant diabetes mellitus necessitates careful systematization of available data, which allows for a more comprehensive analysis of its mechanisms. However, the lack of standardized approaches to early detection and risk stratification continues to limit the effectiveness of clinical management of patients. The purpose of this review is to systematize data on the risk factors for post-transplant diabetes mellitus and to analyze modern methods for its early diagnosis in liver and kidney recipients. 

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