The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which originated in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has triggered an outbreak of a respiratory illness called COVID-19. Helium is a colorless inert gas, odorless and tasteless. Thermal helium-oxygen therapy is a new and innovative method that allows you to maintain the diffusion capacity of the lungs. The clinical case presented in this article shows that inhalation of a thermal gas mixture of helium and oxygen (t-He/O2) in the standard therapy of a patient with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 positively influenced the clinical picture of the disease, improves gas exchange, and promotes accelerating the elimination of the virus, rehabilitation and discharge of the patient.

The effectiveness of cleaning the air flow from the droplet and dispersed phases of liquids, which are the main medium for transporting most respiratory viruses from the carrier to the infected person, was assessed. Samples of Cribrol, polymer composite with a three-dimensional fractal mesh structure of through and non-through pores from 5 to 150 μm, were examined. The experiments showed high hygroscopic properties of this material, providing moisture absorption of more than 700 % of the dry weight of the test sample. It has been found that Cribrol can undergo thermal decontamination in heating devices and can be used repeatedly. This material has been concluded to be promising for use in PPE, and its structure can easily be adapted to various respiratory personal protective equipment (PPE).

The use of improvised explosive devices for terrorist purposes in crowded areas forms explosive trauma as a form of violent peacetime trauma. The forensic aspect of such events is associated with the reconstruction of explosion circumstances, in which the structure of organs and tissues damage of the body is important, as morphological equivalents of damaging factors impact. Based on the archival material of forensic medical examinations, identical mass cases of explosive trauma are summarized, in the assessment of which the characteristics of explosion damaging factors and the damage to the body corresponding to their effects are given, which can be used in forensic practice to establish the conditions and circumstances of the explosion, as well as the reconstruction of these events.

A clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient with atherosclerotic combined lesions of the coronary and carotid areas is presented. A staged surgery was performed. The first stage was carotid endarterectomy sequentially on both sides. The second stage is three-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient was examined 2 years after the operation. There are no data on restenosis of the reconstruction zone of the carotid system. The return of angina pectoris is not noted.

The article analyzes a retrospective analysis of long-term results of 316 carotid stentings performed in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of the extracranial parts of the internal carotid arteries using various types of cerebral protection devices – filters and proximal protection devices and their combinations. As a result of the analysis, we obtained data on the influence of the choice of cerebral protection devices on the risks of ischemic complications. The topic under consideration will be of interest to specialists in X-ray endovascular diagnostics and treatment, cardiovascular surgeons, and neurologists.

Objectives. To study the effectiveness of layered dermatolipectomy and endoscopic fasciotomy in the surgical treatment of refractory venous trophic ulcers.

Materials and methods. Patients (n = 105) of the C6 clinical class underwent crossectomy and short stripping. In group I (n = 35), free autodermoplasty of trophic ulcers with a perforated flap was performed. In group II (n = 36), shave therapy and autodermoplasty were performed. In group IIІ (n = 34), fasciotomy, shave therapy and autodermoplasty were performed. Long-term results of treatment were studied in the period from 1 to 12 months.

Results. Complete healing of venous trophic ulcers was observed in group I at 49,4 ± 7,2, in II – at 31,4 ± 4,7, in III – at 32,1 ± 3,6 days сутки (t1-2 = 2,09; p1-2 = 0,049; t1-3 = 2,24; p1-3 = 0,024; t2-3 = 0,03; p2-3 = 0,763). Full engraftment of an autograft graft was recorded in 7 (19,4 %) patients of group I, in 27 (77,1 %) cases in group II and in 27 (79,4 %) patients of comparison group III (χ²_1-2 = 23,674; p_1-2 = 0,001; χ²_1-3 = 25,173; p_1-3 = χ²_2-3 = 0,052; p_2-3 = 0,826).

Conclusion. Layered dermatolipectomy with autodermoplasty and endoscopic decompression fasciotomy is an effective method for the treatment of persistent refractory venous trophic ulcers.

At the present stage of the development of medicine there is a tendency to increase diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract). The colon is the final stage of the digestion process, but it is no less important link in the gastrointestinal tract. The large intestine includes such important functions as: transport, motor, excretory. Colon pathologies in the structure of surgical morbidity are widespread; in recent years, an increase in their incidence has been noted. According to literature data, more than 11.3 % of the total adult population of the planet suffer from non-neoplastic diseases of the large intestine. This is 16–29 % of the total number of coloproctological patients. Men 30–50 years old get sick 4 times more often than women of the same age. At the present stage of the development of medicine, diseases of the colon are divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory in nature. Inflammatory diseases include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are recurrent diseases in which chronic inflammation of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract is observed. Non-inflammatory diseases include diseases such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, colon diverticula, and others [1–8]. In the Udmurt Republic, the incidence of non-inflammatory diseases of the large intestine prevails over inflammatory ones. The aim of our study was to study the structure and identify the most common noninflammatory diseases of the large intestine in the Udmurt Republic for 75 2019–2020. It is difficult to understand the real prevalence of colon diseases because people are embarrassed to see a doctor due to the emergence of psychological barriers. Without adequate treatment, these diseases lead to the chronicity of processes and the occurrence of complications, most often with which patients are admitted to the hospital department. However, our research is certainly important in the field of coloproctology, statistics show the main aspects that require close attention of practitioners.

The analysis of a clinical case of primary hyperparathyroidism in combination with parathyroid adenoma and nodular goiter is presented.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in oncohematological patients and hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients (HSCT). But at the same time, fungal infections are less than 2 % of the causes of liver abscesses in patients without onco-hematological diseases. Doctors from hospitals with onco-hematology departments encounter this more often and know the typical picture of fungal liver abscesses, but for others doctors, who do not have sufficient experience, this finding may not seem like something familiar. This is why knowing the typical patterns of fungal liver disease is so important. We have studied the typical patterns of abscesses in patients with hematological oncology and present a clinical case of patient D, 48 years old. Differential diagnosis of the etiological agent of the abscess is difficult, but in some cases the picture is specific: in the described case, the multiplicity and small size of the foci made it possible at an early stage to effectively identify the fungal nature of the disease and begin the right treatment.

Renal and pararenal abscesses are rare but serious diseases that result from infection of kidneys or tissues around them. This article examines a clinical case of renal and paranephric abscess, presents modern data on the etiology of the disease, types of abscesses, and describes the mechanisms and risk factors for the development of renal and pararenal abscesses, as well as the main diagnostic measures.

In the light of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the strategy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation...” an increase in the volume of ship traffic along the Northern Sea Route is expected. With the increase of ship traffic the absolute number of cases when it is necessary to render the first aid to injured ship crew members will also increase. According to the Russian legislation, ship's crew medical officer is not to be provided if total number of people on the vessel is less than 40 people. At the same time the evacuation arm over considerable length of the Northern Sea Route is from several hundreds to thousands kilometers and weather conditions in those latitudes are harsh and changeable for the most part of the year. In such circumstances quick evacuation of a casualty to a specialized institution by air ambulance or ground transport and timely arrival of a trained and properly equipped medical crew to a ship are extremely difficult. Besides, the actual volume of the medical aid which the injured on the ship can need goes far beyond the concept “first aid” and includes both the procedures and manipulations, related to the concepts of “emergency” and (or) “prehospital care” and medical care. According to the international normative-legal acts, the function of first aid rendering to victims on a ship of civil fleet within the framework of a ship role is entrusted to a crew member who has no profile medical education, but who passed and successfully passed qualification examinations on the course of rendering aid and medical care to victims on the ship. It is known that passing the qualification exam by specialty and putting the obtained knowledge and skills into practice in conditions of emergency on a vessel are characterized by different context and require different competences, personal qualities and skills from a person. Up to the present time the Russian Federation has not developed a professiogram – a reference point for assessing the degree of expressed properties and qualities in applicants for maritime specialties. The article touches upon the problem of semantic content of the notion “ship's paramedic” and offers a theoretical model of its psihogram.

RETRACTED

TA clinical case of successful orthotopic heart transplantation using the biatrial technique with the displacement of the persistent left superior vena cava into the right atrium. The achieved clinical effect as a result of the treatment fully justifies the chosen surgical tactics and allows us to recommend the proposed tactics for the treatment of such a rare pathology.

Liver transplantation is rightly considered the only radical treatment for terminal chronic liver diseases and patients with acute liver failure. However, despite the accumulated experience in the management of patients in this group, the level of complications development remains at a fairly high level. The success of the correction of emerging pathological conditions largely depends on the timing of their diagnosis. Since complications developing after liver transplantation most often do not have specific clinical and biochemical manifestations, the use of imaging research methods plays a key role in assessing the state of the transplanted organ at all stages of the postoperative period. Among all instrumental methods, ultrasound examination using Doppler techniques, carried out hourly directly in the intensive care unit, with an accuracy of 97 % and a specificity of up to 100 %, makes it possible to detect vascular post-transplant complications as soon as possible. Their timely correction avoids the loss of the graft. The use of dynamic observation contributes to differential diagnosis in identifying non-vascular complications at different stages of the postoperative period. The use of modern techniques greatly expands the possibilities of echography. Thus, the use of contrast enhancement not only shortens the study time, but also increases the sensitivity of Dopplerography in assessing the patency of the vascular bed, especially in patients with decreased central hemodynamics. The use of ARFI-elastography techniques in patients in the late postoperative period makes it possible to objectively assess the severity of hepatic graft fibrosis.

The moral and ethical aspects of organ donation for transplantation constitute a new section of the doctor's activity. The correct and motivated awareness of the answers to the main questions that may arise from members of the public, patients, members of their families, medical personnel, undoubtedly, is within the competence of the doctor. This work is devoted to the analysis of existing approaches to answering the main questions arising around the activity of preserving the organs of the deceased for transplantation. The work was done in the format of a catechism, questions and the answers offered to them. Answers are given as one of the options.

The draft clinical guidelines were developed by the team of the scientific group for the treatment of wounds and wound process of the Reaviz Medical University, taking into account modern scientific data, practical experience and original research. The data on the formulation of the diagnosis in diabetic foot syndrome, the existing classification of ulcers and wounds, the survey plan, basic and additional therapy, local treatment of ulcers and wounds are presented.