The development of new implantable materials for bone regeneration remains a challenging task that is currently being considered from the perspective of tissue engineering. Such products should consist of bioactive threedimensional matrix containing either cells or biologically active proteins, including growth factors, signaling molecules, or specific genes and/or their products. The paper presents a fragment of results obtained within studies on technology of creation and ways to achieve significant qualitative and quantitative parameters of such a matrix and studies evaluating biocompatibility in vivo using the original model of a critical bone defect.

Urolithiasis remains one of the most common diseases in the world, with its prevalence in adults varying from 4% to 10% in different countries. Surgery is one of the most important stages of treatment in such patients. Understanding of individual anatomical variants of the renal arteries plays an important role in the removal of kidney stones, because surgical approach depends on the presence and location of additional vessels. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the frequency of different variants of renal artery structure in 152 patients who had undergone computed tomography of the kidneys between March 2018 and March 2019 at the IDK clinical hospital. In 92 out of 302 kidneys assessed (30.3%), we found different variants of additional renal arteries. In three kidneys, we found 2 additional renal arteries. In 55 cases (59.8%), additional arteries were found in the left kidney.

Lateral approaches (standard subtemporal and a number of lateral and combination basal approaches) ensure access to the clivus, petroclival area, cerebellopontine angle (CPA), and lateral and posterolateral portions of the cavernous sinus. The complexity of surgeries performed via lateral approaches is attributed to the topography of the skull base, location of the sites where the vein of Labbe unites with large veins of the mediobasal surface of the brain, draining the lateral and basal surface of the temporal lobe into major venous collectors. The vein of Labbe and veins draining the temporal lobe are located in the area of operational axis and significantly limit or hinder active traction of the brain. Therefore, preservation of these veins is crucial in surgeries via lateral approaches. The location of sites where the veins draining the temporal lobe and lower anastomotic vein of Labbe unite with sinuses may vary. Therefore, the study of microsurgical anatomy of the veins draining the temporal lobe and vein of Labbe is an important aspect of skull base surgery.

In this experimental morphological study, we have obtained complex quantitative data reflecting different levels of the structural organization of normal lymph nodes in rabbits, with the consideration of their regional specificity, age, gender, time of day, specimen collection, and seasonal factors. We found that in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs) of rabbits aged from 0 to 5 months, changes in the thickness of the capsule were insignificant. The relative area of the trabeculae in them increases, while the relative total area of the sinuses decreases. The reticuloarchitectonics of the node stroma becomes more complex by 3 months. There are no lymphoid nodules in the LNs of newborn rabbits; their number slightly increase by 5 months: in the autumn/winter season in MLNs and in the spring/summer season in ILNs. Regardless of LN locations and animal age, the ratio perimeter of the central section: number of lymphoid nodules was constant. From month 0 to month 5, the relative area of cortical plateau and Billroth's strands increases in MLNs and decreases in ILNs; the width of Billroth's strands increase in both MLNs and ILNs, while their relative area decreases in LNs of both locations. At the cellular level, we observed an increase in the number of small lymphocytes in the lymphoid nodules by month 5, a decrease in the proportion of blasts and large lymphocytes, an increase in the percentage of reticular cells and macrophages in both MLNs and ILNs. In the diffuse lymphatic tissue of the cortical substance of LNs, there was a decrease in the number of blasts and large lymphocytes and an increase in the number of macrophages. In the Billroth's strands, the percentage of reticular cells, large lymphocytes, and blasts decreases with age, while the number of small lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages increases.

Surgical treatment of craniospinal disorders and craniovertebral junction disorders is one of the most challenging problems in neurosurgery, because the pathological process involves the brain stem, cerebellum, cranial nerves of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), spinal nerves, vertebral artery (VA) and its branches, basilar artery (BA) and its branches, bone structures, as well as joints and ligaments of the craniovertebral junction. Various approaches are used to get the access to the craniovertebral junction and foramen magnum, including the far-lateral approach analyzed in this article. The choice of surgical approach depends on the spread of pathological process.

In patients with progressive severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), early surgery is the last opportunity to influence the dismal outcome. The use of extracorporeal detoxification (ECD) methods along with a traditional surgical approach does not improve the outcomes of early surgeries in patients with progressive SAP due to the late elimination of aggression factors, as well as due to constant reabsorption of enzymatic toxic exudate from non-drained areas of the retroperitoneal space, abdominal cavity, and omentum. Preventive use of ECD (plasma exchange) can improve the outcomes of early surgeries in patients with fulminant SAP.

We have analyzed the results of 885 fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) performed in Medgard LLC (Samara, Russian Federation) in 2019. The specimens obtained by FNAB were evaluated using liquid-based cytology (LBC) and classified according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, 2017 (TBSRTC, 2017). Only 2.5% of specimens were found to be non-diagnostic (TBSRTC category I); malignant tumors were detected in 7.8% of cases (TBSRTC category VI); 67.9% of specimens were classified as benign (TBSRTC category II); 21.4% of specimens had atypia of undetermined significance, including follicular tumor/suspected follicular tumor (TBSRTC category IV). To evaluate the risk of malignancy in case of undetermined LBC results (TBSRTC category IV), we compared and analyzed the results of cytological and subsequent histological examination in 74 patients who had undergone surgery. The risk of malignancy in the group analyzed was 36%, which is comparable to the risk of malignancy reported in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, 2017 (TBSRTC, 2017).

This paper aims to provide a brief review of currently available minimally invasive surgical approaches to repair rectus abdominis diastasis and concomitant primary midline ventral hernias. We cover the entire range of implants used in endoscopic abdominal wall repair and provide up-to-date and practical information on the procedure.

In this article, we present the experience of using G-derm bioplastic material in the treatment of chronic ulcers in patients with neuropathic form of grade III-IV diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) (Wagner classification). This study included 64 patients. The control group comprised 33 patients who received standard treatment with hydrocolloid dressings. In the experimental group, which included 31 patients, we administered bioplastic material G-derm in addition to standard therapy. Patients’ condition was evaluated on days 1, 10, 30, and 45 from the moment of treatment initiation. The use of bioplastic material G-derm in DFS patients significantly reduced the area and depth of the wound after 45 days. We also used a device developed by us that facilitates the process of measuring the area and depth of a chronic wound. In addition to that, we used special devices for wound dressing developed by us in the experimental group. They ensured good attachment of the bioplastic material to the wound surface and made wound dressing less time- and laborconsuming.

Objective: to assess comorbidities in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and their effect on the disease course. We examined 61 patients (39 women and 22 men aged between 18 and 60 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of UC. Study participants were divided into two groups depending on rate of UC progression: the experimental group included 32 patients with frequent UC relapses and rapid development of complications, while the control group comprised 29 patients with a slowly progressing disease. Comorbidities were evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G). The assessment of the basic component was performed using the method of morphofunctional index [Kurnikova I. A., 2010]. Biological age was estimated using the method developed by V.O. Voytenko (1991). To evaluate the impact of UC on biological age, it was compared with the appropriate biological age and real age. Data analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 6.0 software. When analyzing comorbidities, we observed a high prevalence of anemia in UC patients and an insignificant proportion of childhood infectious diseases in the control group. Patients with rapidly progressing UC were more likely to have chronic recurrent bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than controls. The analysis of surgical interventions and the frequency of heart diseases demonstrated that UC patients often undergo surgeries (with no significant difference between the groups). During medical and social examination of UC patients, it is important to take into account the degree of comorbidity, even without serious functional abnormalities. The use of the CIRS-g calculator is a promising approach.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of herbal medications in order to develop a drug for the treatment of hepatobiliary disorders. We measured total antioxidant activity of the herbal composition ‘Hexafit’ containing flowers of Helichrysum arenarium L. and Tanacetum vulgare L., fruits of Rosa sp., leaves of Urtica dioica L. and mint Mentha piperita L., roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and its individual components using coulometric titration. The antioxidant activity of "Hexafit" at a previously established dose of 250 mg/kg was evaluated under experimental conditions of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatitis; free radical lipid oxidation was assessed using a chemiluminescent assay. We found that that this herbal composition with choleretic action and the plants included in it have antioxidant activity in vitro. For the first time, the experiment demonstrated a synergistic effect of the total antioxidant activity of the composition. We revealed that pharmacotherapy of experimental hepatitis in rats with ‘Hexafit’ ensured a significant decrease in the chemiluminometric parameters of lipids that characterize the intensity of free radical reactions. ‘Hexafit’ has a pronounced inhibitory effect on hyperlipoperoxidemia in the liver of animals with toxic damage. The antioxidant activity of herbal medications can be successfully used for the treatment and prevention of hepatobiliary disorders.

Peritonitis is the most common complication in abdominal surgery. The outcomes of peritonitis may vary from complete recovery to death, depending on time to diagnosis and treatment strategy. Therefore, the doctor has to know early clinical signs and patterns of this disease in order to ensure a favorable outcome of the disease and rapid recovery of the patient. In this article, we report a case of generalized chylous peritonitis (with identified cause) in a 59- year old female patient treated in the First Republican Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic.

In this article, we analyzed treatment of patients who had undergone endoscopic subcutaneous plastic surgery using the Scola method for rectus abdominis diastasis and ventral hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. This is a case series which included 4 women. Endoscopic subcutaneous plastic surgery using the Scola method provides an optimal solution for the main tasks in herniology, such as reliable defect repair, good aesthetic results, and perfect cosmetic effect of surgery.

Iron is an essential trace element, because it is required for adequate erythropoietic function, oxidative metabolism, and cellular immune responses. In this article, we analyze the mechanisms of iron homeostasis and pathogenesis of iron-deficiency conditions and iron-deficiency anemia.

We performed a comprehensive evaluation of the hemostatic system and markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with obliterating lower limb atherosclerosis involving the femoral-popliteal-tibial segment. Progressive course of obliterating atherosclerosis is associated with hypercoagulation (increased platelet aggregation activity, shortened aPTT, PT, TT, increased levels of fibrinogen, SFMCs, and D-dimer), as well as with endothelial dysfunction (increased levels of endothelin-1, von Willebrand factor, homocysteine, and Creactive protein).

The true prevalence of pollinosis in general and of weed susceptibility to pollen in particular (mainly wormwood and ragweed) in Russia and worldwide has not been studied enough. The ragweed is a quarantine weed, which is a native species in Russia. Wormwood is a large genus of herbaceous plants, in Russia the most common bitter and common wormwood. The aim of the study was to study the level of sensitization to ragweed pollen and wormwood in Samara region for 5 years. In the city of Samara revealed the growth of sensitization to ragweed pollen and wormwood from 2012 to 2017, which is consistent with the data on the leading role of ragweed pollen and wormwood as a risk factor for the development of pollinose in the region. Taking into account the data on ragweed distribution in the region is three separate, to avoid cross-reactions between allergens of different types of ragweed and wormwood, and to identify the truth of sensitization in these patients should be conducted component allergy diagnostics.

In this study, we have evaluated clinical efficacy of the topical universal hygiene product ‘Bodyguard’ containing porous silicon-containing sorbent with microdoses of silver and lithium for the treatment of primary erosive or secondary ulcerative-necrotic skin lesions. We used this product in a female patient with lipoid necrobiosis of the skin: necrotic smell disappeared 2 days after sorbent application; the amount of discharge decreased after 4 days; granulations developed after 14 days; scarring continued for the next 3 weeks. In a patient with erosive lesions on the face after chemical peeling, ‘Bodyguard’ reduced pain and swelling and ensured complete epithelization of the damaged area without scarring and pigmentation after 14 days. In a patient with postoperative subcutaneous hematoma, the sorbent stopped ulcerative-necrotic skin lesions within 21 days, eliminated edema and pain, optimized healing, and prevented pathological scarring; the patient demonstrated complete epithelization in the area of skin defect 3 months later. Positive effects of the sorbent ‘Bodyguard’ are associated with its sorption properties (neutralization of products of free radical reactions and products of tissue alteration) and with the antibacterial effect of silver, which provides analgesic, anti-inflammatory, dehydrating (drying), cleansing, and wound healing effects.

The implementation of the liver transplantation program at Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine has a long history. Over the last 20 years, more than 700 patients have received high-tech medical care (transplantation) here.

Pharmaceutical specialist, in accordance with professional standards and federal state educational standards of higher education should be able to organize and conduct outreach work to promote a healthy lifestyle and rational use of drugs. The article, based on a review of literature, shows the relevance and role of the pharmacist's advocacy work in the implementation of the national project "Demography", in the spiritual and moral aspects of human health, in geriatric pharmacy, among young people, as well as on the rational and safe use of drugs. The article is aimed at attracting the attention of specialists to this labor function of a pharmacist.

This article discusses the issues of at-home care and associated difficulties, as well as possibilities of providing dental care to people with disabilities. It covers the legal basis of visiting patients by a dentist and orders regulating dental care. It also describes the documents that a patient must have before calling a dentist.