The study is based on the study of 30 organ complexes from the human thoracic cavity, distributed into 5 age groups with 10-year interval, 6 observations in each group: 1st age group – 20–30 years, 2nd age group – 31–40 years, 3rd age group – 41–50 years, 4th age group – 51–60 years, 5th age group – 61–70 years. All medications were taken from people without heart and lung pathology at forensic autopsy according to the generally accepted method. Based on the results obtained, topographic features of lymph nodes location around the right main bronchus are given, which is of practical interest.

Surgery of the base of the skull requires knowledge of the topography of the internal carotid artery, cavernous sinus, cranial nerves of the sellyar and paraclinoid regions. Equally important is knowledge of the topography and structure of the dura mater (CSF) at the base of the skull, CSF duplicates, cerebellar ligaments, meningeal membranes (tank membranes of the brain base, carotid oculomotor membrane of the proximal carotid ring) and carotid rings in neurooncology and vascular neurosurgery. The article presents the results of the study of the structure of TMO in the selvary and paraselar regions.

This review presents modern information on etiopathogenesis, clinic, diagnostics and treatment of diverticular disease of the large intestine (DBTK). Based on the analysis and epidemiological data, this pathology can be attributed to the global epidemic of the 21st century, associated with the Westernization of lifestyle and aging of the population in civilized countries. The described tactics of management of patients with this pathology is based on global trends that have formed in the last decade.

A retrospective study included 93 patients who underwent a drug conversion of the heart rhythm with amiodarone. They were divided into comparison groups. The first group consisted of 58 patients who received monotherapy with amiodarone. The second group consisted of 35 patients in whom propranololol was added to amiodarone. A comparative analysis was conducted to establish the efficacy and safety of medication conversion of rhythm with these treatment options. It was found that atrial fibrillation supplementation with amiodarone in combination with propranololol is registered more frequently and in a shorter time than with amiodarone alone. However, this treatment option is associated with a more pronounced reduction of conductivity in the atrioventricular node and the development of more pronounced bradycardia in 8.6% of cases.

The success of surgical treatment of glaucoma, stabilization and preservation of visual functions are fundamentally dependent on the steady normalization of the eye hydrodynamics. The problem of refractory, resistant to glaucoma treatment in children and adults, including congenital glaucoma, remains extremely urgent. The article presents the results of glaucoma treatment, including refractory and buffalma glaucoma, using polymer-salt material "LitAr". The proposed composite proved to be useful both for planned application and in case of buftalma to provide fast remission and improvement of vision. An important fact is that the polymer-salt material "LitAr" has been successfully used both in primary operations and corrective interventions in patients with resistant to treatment glaucoma.

The paper considers the results of therapy of clinical manifestations of genital prolapse using electromyosymmulation and Kegel exercises. The obtained data allow us to consider this type of conservative treatment quite effective. This therapy can be recommended for women with contraindications to surgical correction of prolapse.

This article is an analysis of a clinical case dedicated to the clinical manifestations and course of a covered duodenal perforative ulcer with a clinical picture of acute pancreatitis.

Causes and mechanisms of cancer development are currently one of the urgent problems of medicine. The main variant for today is the mutation theory. Identification of the system of gene mutations, including in mitochondria, leading to this or that type of tumors, made it possible to develop a personalized, so-called targeting, the therapy of malignant tumors.

Samara Regional Clinical Hospital of War Veterans in the period from 2000 to 2015 examined and treated 639 elderly and senile patients with prostate adenoma, who underwent an isolated adenomectomy, transurethral prostate resection, or simultaneous surgery. Among them, 191 (29.9%) patients underwent simultanous surgery. The paper presents the nature and frequency of dominant concomitant diseases in geriatric patients with prostate adenoma in the first (2000-2006) and second (2007-2015) periods of the study. Application in the second period of the author's therapeutic and diagnostic developments, taking into account concomitant pathology, significantly affected the reduction of a number of severe intra- and postoperative complications and lethality in comparison with the first period.

Acute aortic dissection is a highly disabling disease, due to severe neurological deficits caused by damage to the brachiocephalous arteries. The study enrolled 92 patients, 74% of them were men and 26% women. Everybody underwent extracranial duplex scanning and/or multispiral computer tomography of neck vessels. The narrowing of the true lumen by 60% and either the occurrence of a stroke or a transient ischemic attack  against  the background of the involvement of brachiocephalous arteries in the process  of  delamination was considered to be a significant defeat. Brachiocephalic stem was the most frequently involved (52.1%). Significant lesions were more often identified in the right common carotid artery (10.8%). Higher lethality (33%) was found in the group where brachiocephalous arteries were intervened than in the group of non-operated arteries (24%) (p = 0.048). In the first group ischemic events were revealed only before and during the surgical intervention, in the second group - only in the postoperative period. Interventions on brachiocephalic arteries in acute aortic dissection are associated with higher lethality and occurrence of ischemic events. A classification taking into account pathogenetic mechanisms of acute cerebral ischemia in case of brachiocephalous artery damage has been proposed.

Many questions remain in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of dyslipidemia, despite the available clinical recommendations. Among these issues is the cause of cardiovascular diseases, when achieving and maintaining the target values of lipid metabolism. We need to change the existing paradigm. Apolipoproteins as protein components of lipoproteins can significantly more accurately characterize the dyslipidemic status of a patient, since their structure and composition are unique. A personalized strategy for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia is possible based on the apolipoprotein profile. At present, new data on the functions of apolipoproteins, their genetic polymorphisms, and molecular preparations for correcting their content and lipid metabolism have been proposed.

In this article the authors write about the main points of diagnostics and treatment of thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs surface veins, about the tactics of operative and conservative treatment in the hospital and at the outpatient stage in 38 patients. The proposed treatment method refers to the use of venotonics Venarus, oral fibrinolytic Thrombovazim and direct oral anticoagulants in combination with the basic treatment of this pathology. The proposed method is described in detail and the efficacy and safety of this treatment is analyzed in comparison with the standard therapy.

Adenoma of the prostate gland is one of the most common urological diseases among males. The percentage of those suffering from BPH increases in direct proportion to the age of the patients. Despite the high study of the etiology, pathogenesis and manifestations of this disease, it is not always possible to achieve the desired effect using conservative therapy. Taking into account the middle age of the majority of patients dealing  with  this  problem, the presence of a number of concomitant diseases, if there is a technical  feasibility, priority is given to the least traumatic surgical interventions. The literature review analyzes the existing approaches to surgical and minimally invasive treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The paper analyzes the possibility of using multi-sensory virtual reality to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures based on the ideomotor representation of complex bilateral limb movements. Mathematical models were constructed in the form of statistical connectors of intercortical interactions undergoing changes against the background of peripheral sensomotor apparatus activation. The increased activity in the motor cortical zones of the proprioceptive system activation was demonstrated, which testifies to the increased efficiency of the ideomotor representation of movements. The obtained results can be used as a way to improve the stability and accuracy of neurocomputer interface classifiers based on the detection of complex bilateral movements.

This manuscript is devoted to the description of a new population of interstitial cells – telocytes discovered by L.M. Popescu and M.S. Faussone-Pellegrini. Later telocytes were found in the dermis, where they perform an important metabolic function and maintain homeostasis. Telocytes are small cells with a large elongated nucleus and a small amount of cytoplasm, which contains long cellular prolongations made of thin (podomeres, 40–100 nm) and thick (pods, 200–500 nm) segments – telopodes. Based on the results of morphological studies, it was possible to reliably differentiate telocytes from fibroblasts. During immunostaining they express CD34 and PDGFRα. Nevertheless, despite the numerous studies carried out regarding the role of telocytes, their function in the skin remains unclear and requires further investigations.

It is generally accepted that the diagnostic criteria for hemodynamically significant compression of the left renal vein are the anteroposterior size of the renal vein determined by ultrasound examination in the narrowed area of 1.5–2.5 mm or less. Purpose of the study: determine the features of the work of the aorto-mesenteric "forceps" on the basis of mathematical analysis. A polypositional ultrasound examination of the kidneys, renal arteries and veins was carried out in 6 positions (standing, sitting, on the back, on the stomach, on the right and left sides). The parameters of the aorto-mesenteric "forceps" (AMP) were determined on the basis of ultrasound and mathematical analysis. Research results: In different positions of the body, the velocity indicators of arterial and venous blood flow, the diameter of the renal (PV) vein in the main part, at the gate and in the AMP change. Pressure fluctuations in the left renal vein are position-dependent and are a factor influencing the work of the aorto-mesenteric forceps.

The paper analyzes the results of surgical treatment of 109 patients with renal artery stenosis and manifestations of ischemic kidney disease (IBD) in the form of renovascular arterial hypertension. Blood pressure normalization was noted in 97 (89%) patients in the early and in 91 (84%) in the late postoperative periods. A sequential regression and multivariate correlation analysis of the factors of a good outcome of the operation was carried out. It was determined that significant prognostic factors are the presence of microalbuminuria and the duration of the history of arterial hypertension before surgery (correlation coefficients (HR) –0.684 and –0.695 at p = 0.0001). With these factors, the difference between the assessment of cumulative survival without clinical deterioration and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was statistically significant.